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Understanding Learning and Behavior: Classical and Operant Conditioning Explained

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This comprehensive overview covers fundamental concepts in learning and behavior analysis, focusing on classical (Pavlovian) and operant conditioning. It illustrates key principles such as stimuli and responses, reinforcement, and punishment through relatable real-world examples. The discussion includes taste aversion learning, the effects of environment on behavior, and the significance of biological constraints. By exploring notable theories by Ivan Pavlov and B.F. Skinner, learners gain insights into how behavior is shaped through various conditioning techniques, including one-trial learning.

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Understanding Learning and Behavior: Classical and Operant Conditioning Explained

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  1. Learning & Behavior Analysis • Simple Learning (aka Non-associative learning) • Classical Conditioning • (aka Pavlovian conditioning) • Operant Conditioning

  2. 2. Classical/Pavlovian Conditioning Real World Examples

  3. 2. Classical/Pavlovian Conditioning Real World Examples

  4. 2. Classical/Pavlovian Conditioning Real World Examples

  5. STIMULI RESPONSES

  6. 2. Classical/Pavlovian Conditioning Real World Examples

  7. CS US Conditioned response? Environment Change in internal environment to account for drug Disrupted equilibrium Drug Drug tolerance Take more drug Drug + Environment New environment??

  8. Other considerations Taste Aversion

  9. Other considerations Taste Aversion LiCl

  10. Other considerations Taste Aversion LiCl US LiCl UR Sickness CS Flavor of B CR Sickness (aversion) to B ONE TRIAL LEARNING!!!

  11. Other considerations: Biologically prepared to learn certain associations Taste Aversion LiCl US LiCl UR Sickness CS Flavor of B CR Sickness (aversion) to B ONE TRIAL LEARNING!!!

  12. Other considerations: Taste Aversion

  13. Other considerations: Biological constraints on learning Taste Aversion

  14. Other considerations: Biological constraints on learning Taste Aversion Doesn’t work!

  15. Learning & Behavior Analysis • Simple Learning (aka Non-associative learning) • Classical Conditioning • (aka Pavlovian conditioning) • Operant Conditioning

  16. 3. Operant Conditioning B.F. Skinner Ivan Pavlov

  17. 3. Operant Conditioning

  18. 3. Operant Conditioning • Thorndike’s Law of Effect • responses followed by satisfying consequences becomemore probable • responses followed by dissatisfying consequences becomeless probable

  19. 3. Operant Conditioning Operant Any behavior that has an observable impact on (operates on) the environment

  20. 3. Operant Conditioning Operant chamber Also know as a Skinner Box

  21. 3. Operant Conditioning Reinforcement and Punishment A stimulus that increases the probability that a behavior will recur A stimulus that decreases the probability that a behavior will recur NOT shock

  22. Increase the likelihood that a behavior will be repeated 3. Operant Conditioning Positive and Negative Reinforcement “Good Doggy!”

  23. Increase the likelihood that a behavior will be repeated 3. Operant Conditioning Positive and Negative Reinforcement Take the clothes pin off his tail

  24. Decrease the likelihood that a behavior will be repeated 3. Operant Conditioning Positive and Negative Punishment “Bad doggy!”

  25. Decrease the likelihood that a behavior will be repeated 3. Operant Conditioning Positive and Negative Punishment

  26. Sent to your room without dessert for your bad attitude • (negative punishment) • $50 for helping the elderly woman cross the street • (positive reinforcement) • Standing on one foot to avoid being shocked • (negative reinforcement--escape) • Punched in the nose for insulting someone • (positive punishment) • Ignored for teasing • (negative punishment) • No internet for missing curfew • (negative punishment) • A week off for getting an A on your Intro Psych Exam! • (negative reinforcement??)

  27. 3. Operant Conditioning

  28. 3. Operant Conditioning Extinction

  29. 3. Operant Conditioning Partial Reinforcement Rat 1: Gets reinforced every time Rat 2: Gets reinforced half the time

  30. 3. Operant Conditioning Partial Reinforcement Rat 1: Gets reinforced every time Rat 2: Gets reinforced half the time Which rat is more likely to stop running down the alley?

  31. 3. Operant Conditioning Partial Reinforcement

  32. 3. Operant Conditioning Animal Cognition The use of reinforcement to examine how rats run mazes….

  33. COGNITIVE MAPS IN RATS AND MENEdward C. Tolman (1948)

  34. COGNITIVE MAPS IN RATS AND MENEdward C. Tolman (1948)

  35. Learning & Behavior Analysis • Simple Learning (aka Non-associative learning) • Classical Conditioning • (aka Pavlovian conditioning) • Operant Conditioning

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