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2006-2007 Biology Final Review

2006-2007 Biology Final Review. Part B. Haploid – A cell that has only one set of chromosomes. Example – gamete (egg or sperm) . Diploid – A cell that contains two sets of chromosomes. Example – somatic cells zygote (fertilized egg). 31. 32.

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2006-2007 Biology Final Review

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  1. 2006-2007 Biology Final Review Part B

  2. Haploid – A cell that has only one set of chromosomes. Example – gamete (egg or sperm) Diploid – A cell that contains two sets of chromosomes. Example – somatic cells zygote (fertilized egg) 31. 32.

  3. Intron – a section of DNA that does not code for an amino acid. Exon – The portion of DNA that codes for the production of proteins. 33. 34.

  4. The genetic information for making a protein is rewritten as a molecule of messenger RNA. Transcription 35.

  5. The portion of protein synthesis that takes place at ribosomes . Codons from mRNA molecules specify the sequence of amino acids. Translation 36.

  6. Bacteriophage 37. Bacteriophage – a virus that infects bacteria.

  7. Crossing Over 38. • The exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes results in genetic recombination which is essential to evolution. • The combination of genes from two organisms results in a third type, not identical to either parent. • The 3 mechanisms of meiosis that contribute to genetic variation are: Independent assortment, random fertilization and crossing over.

  8. Asexual Reproduction Page 150 39. • In asexual reproduction, a single parent passes exact copies of all of its DNA to its offspring. • Fission • Fragmentation • Budding

  9. Transformation 40. • Transformation, a change in genotype caused when cells take up foreign genetic material.

  10. DNA Structure 41. Double Helix

  11. 42. Complete and label diagrams

  12. Double stranded Deoxyribose sugar Nitrogen bases ATCG Single stranded Ribose sugar Nitrogen bases AUCG Differences betweenDNA and RNA 43.

  13. DNA is copied Occurs in the nucleus Takes place during the synthesis phase of the cell cycle. Enzymes separate the two strands New strands are synthesized by base-pairing with the original strand DNA Replication 44.

  14. Messenger RNA - carries instructions for making a protein from a gene on the DNA in the nucleus and delivers it to the site of translation. Ribosomal RNA – responsible for ribosome function. Transfer RNA - single strands of RNA that temporarily carry a specific amino acid. RNA 45.

  15. Codon - The RNA instructions are written as a series of three-nucleotide sequences on the mRNA called codons. Anticodon - a three-nucleotide sequence on a tRNA that is complementary to an mRNA codon. 46.

  16. List where the following process occur. 47. • DNA Replication - Nucleus • Transcription - cytoplasm • Translation - cytoplasm

  17. American Biochemist Studied the nucleotide composition of many samples of DNA. Amounts of nucleotides varied with each sample of DNA. Thymine equals Adenine and Guanine = Cytosine. Chargaff 49.

  18. Determine the sequence of amino acids that will result from the DNA sequence. 50. (Use the codon chart from page 211) DNA sequence A G A G C A C T T A A A A G G mRNA U C UC G UG A AU U UU C C tRNA A G A G C A C U U A A A A G G Amino Acid SerineAlanineGlutamic AcidPhenylalanineSerine

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