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Introduction to Computer Systems and Binary Representation

Explore hardware and software components of computer systems, binary representation of data, and the UMBC computing environment. Learn to connect, use Linux commands, and edit files with emacs.

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Introduction to Computer Systems and Binary Representation

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  1. Computing FundamenatlsCMSC 201Computer Science IPenny RheingansUniversity of Maryland Baltimore County(with inspiration from previous 201 instructors and the creators of UMBC’s CMSC 101 and HMC’s CS5)

  2. Learning Objectives • To have a very basic overview of the components of a computer system • To understand how data is represented and stored in memory • To be aware of elements of the UMBC computing environment

  3. Computing Systems • Hardware Components • Central Processing Unit (CPU) • Auxiliary Processors (GPU, etc) • Memory • Bus • Network Connection • External Devices: keyboard, monitor, printer • Software Components • Operating System: Linux, MacOS, Windows, etc • Applications

  4. Binary Representation • All information is store in a binary representation (ie, it’s all 1s and 0s): code, text, images, sounds • For each type of item/object, there are specific formats that define who to represent that thing (character, digit, sound, image, etc) in binary • But why use binary?

  5. But why binary ?

  6. Place Value Notation

  7. Converting from Binary • What are the decimal equivalents of: • 101 • 1111 • 100000 • 101010

  8. Converting to Binary • What are the binary equivalents of • 9 • 27 • 68 • 1000

  9. UMBC Computing Environment • We will develop our programs using UMBC’s GL system • GL is running the Linux Operating System • GUI interface – Graphical user interface • Command-Line Interface – When you connect to GL using SSH • Lab 1 will walk you through using the UMBC computing environment

  10. How do I connect to GL? • Assuming you have Internet access, use SSH • Windows Download Putty (Lab has a video about this) Hostname – gl.umbc.edu Make sure you pick SSH Put in username and password • Mac SSH client already installed Go to the Application folder and select Utilities Open up a terminal Window Type ssh -l username gl.umbc.edu Put in your password

  11. Linux Commands • See: http://www.csee.umbc.edu/resources/computer-science-help-center/#Resources • For now, let’s just learn: • ls – list Display the files and directories in your current directory • cd – change directory Directory is another word for folder .. = parent directory . = current directory • mkdir- make directory Note: Commands are case-sensitive

  12. Directories • Can contain files and other directories (calledsubdirectories) • /afs/umbc.edu/users/first/second/username/home 201 myOtherClass • When you log into Gl, you will be in your home directory • use the cd command to go to subdirectories lab1 HW1 lab1.py

  13. emacs • Reference: http://www.csee.umbc.edu/summary-of-basic-emacs-commands/ • emacs – a text editor • We will generally use emacs to write our python code • To open a file that you want to call example.txt (replace example.txt with your file name): • Type: emacs example.txt • To save a file: • CTRL X and CTRL C • To reopen the file: • Type: emacs example.txt • To remove the file • Type: rm example.txt

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