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What is Earth science???

What is Earth science???. The study of Earth and it’s position in the universe Earth Science is a combination of 4 science disciplines: 1.) Geology: History, structure, processes, and composition of Earth’s solid surface down to it’s center 2.) Oceanography: All aspects of Earth’s oceans

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What is Earth science???

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  1. What is Earth science??? • The study of Earth and it’s position in the universe • Earth Science is a combination of 4 science disciplines: 1.) Geology: History, structure, processes, and composition of Earth’s solid surface down to it’s center 2.) Oceanography: All aspects of Earth’s oceans 3.) Meteorology: Earth’s atmosphere, including weather and climate 4.) Astronomy: Study of the universe

  2. Science review – observation vs. inference Observation / Inference Rap

  3. TRY SOME!! – Observation or inference??? • My favorite subject is science • The walls in this room are white • This is a science classroom • The desks are 1 meter in length • It’s going to rain tomorrow because of the cold front approaching • I smell french fries so we must be located above the cafeteria

  4. The metric system – system on measurement used in the scientific world • Length: meter • Ruler / meter stick

  5. 1 centimeter = 10 millimeters What is the length of the line in centimeters? _______cm What is the length of the line in millimeters? _______mm What is the length of the line to the nearest centimeter? ________cm HINT: Round to the nearest centimeter – no decimals. Measuring Length How many millimeters are in 1 centimeter? 2.8 28 3 Ruler: http://www.k12math.com/math-concepts/measurement/ruler-cm.jpg

  6. Metric system • Mass: How many atoms are in an object • Not the same as weight!!! Weight = gravitational pull of an object • Units = Grams • Measured with 3-beam balance

  7. Once you have balanced the scale, you add up the amounts on each beam to find the total mass. What would be the mass of the object measured in the picture? _______ + ______ + _______ = ________ g Measuring Mass We will be using triple-beam balances to find the mass of various objects. The objects are placed on the scale and then you move the weights on the beams until you get the lines on the right-side of the scale to match up. 373.3 70 300 3.3 Top Image: http://www.southwestscales.com/Ohaus_Triple_Beam_750-SO.jpgBottom Image: http://www.regentsprep.org/Regents/biology/units/laboratory/graphics/triplebeambalance.jpg

  8. What is the total mass? Where should the riders be? 10 g 10 g 10 g 1 g 1 g 20 g 5 g 5 g 5 g 5 g 100 g

  9. What is the total mass? Where should the riders be? 172 g 10 g 10 g 10 g 1 g 1 g 20 g 5 g 5 g 5 g 5 g 100 g http://www.ohaus.com/products/education/weblab/TBBread.html

  10. Metric system • Volume: How much space an object takes up You can find the volume of liquids and solids. • Volume of Liquid : • Usually measured in milliliters • Graduated Cylinder

  11. Measuring Liquid Volume What is the volume of water in each cylinder? Images created at http://www.standards.dfes.gov.uk/primaryframework/downloads/SWF/measuring_cylinder.swf B = 37mL A = 52mL A B C C = 23mL Pay attention to the scales for each cylinder.

  12. Metric system • Volume of Solid (regular/geometric shaped): • Use formula: Length x Width x Height • Units usually cm3

  13. Metric system • Volume of Irregular Shaped Object: • Use water displacement method

  14. 9 cm 8 cm 10 cm We can measure the volume of irregular object using water displacement. Amount of H2O with object = ______About of H2O without object = ______Difference = Volume = ______ http://resources.edb.gov.hk/~s1sci/R_S1Science/sp/en/syllabus/unit14/new/testingmain1.htm Measuring Solid Volume We can measure the volume of regular object using the formula length x width x height. 9cm 720 cm 3 8 cm 10 cm _____ X _____ X _____ = _____ 260 mL 200 mL 60 cm3 *** Still solid object!! Click here for an online activity about volume. Choose Lessons  Volume & Displacement

  15. CONVERSION REMEMBER: King Henry Doesn’t Use Dirty Counterfeit Money

  16. 1 2 3 MetersLitersGrams How do you use the “ladder” method? 1st – Determine your starting point. 2nd – Count the “jumps” to your ending point. 3rd – Move the decimal the same number of jumps in the same direction. Starting Point Ending Point __. __. __. 2 3 1 Ladder Method KILO1000Units HECTO100Units DEKA10Units DECI0.1Unit CENTI0.01Unit MILLI0.001Unit 4 km = _________ m How many jumps does it take? 4. = 4000 m

  17. Compare using <, >, or =. 56 cm 6 m 7 g 698 mg Conversion Practice Try these conversions using the ladder method. 1 1,000 1,600 1000 mg = _______ g 1 L = _______ mL 160 cm = _______ mm 14 km = _______ m 109 g = _______ kg 250 m = _______ km 14,000 0.109 0.250 > <

  18. Brainpop Video – Scientific Notation Scientific or Exponential Notation • Using the power of 10 to express numbers that would be more difficult to write or read using standard decimal numbers • Step 1 – Change the whole number by moving the decimal point to the right or left • Step 2 - Assign a power of 10(exponent) equal to the number of places that the decimal point was moved Lets try this together …… Mass of Earth = 5,970,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 kg What is this value in exponential notation???? 5.97 x 1024Kilograms

  19. 9.85 x 107 -----> 6.41 x 1010 -----> 2.79 x 108 -----> 4.2 x 106 -----> Practice Problem Write in scientific notation. Decide the power of ten. • 98,500,000 = 9.85 x 10? • 64,100,000,000 = 6.41 x 10? • 279,000,000 = 2.79 x 10? • 4,200,000 = 4.2 x 10?

  20. More Practice Problems On these, decide where the decimal will be moved. • 734,000,000 = ______ x 108 • 870,000,000,000 = ______x 1011 • 90,000,000,000 = _____ x 1010 Answers 3) 9 x 1010 • 7.34 x 108 2)8.7 x 1011

  21. Complete Practice Problems Write in scientific notation. • 50,000 • 7,200,000 • 802,000,000,000 Answers 1) 5 x 104 2) 7.2 x 106 3) 8.02 x 1011

  22. 6.27 x 106 9.01 x 104 6,270,000 90,100 Write in Standard Form .

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