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The Medieval Period

The Medieval Period. in England. The Medieval Period. (aka the Middle Ages). 1066-1485. I. The Norman Invasion II.Effects of the Norman Conquest III.The Effects of the Church IV.Rise of the Common People V.Literature of the Middle Ages. The Norman Invasion.

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The Medieval Period

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  1. The Medieval Period inEngland

  2. The Medieval Period (aka the Middle Ages) 1066-1485 • I. The Norman Invasion • II.Effects of the Norman Conquest • III.The Effects of the Church • IV.Rise of the Common People • V.Literature of the Middle Ages

  3. The Norman Invasion The Battle of Hastings-1066 • William (Duke of Normandy) and Harold fought over the throne of England after Edward the Confessor died childless. • Outcome—William’s forces killed Harold and his family; William claimed title to the crown and became known as William the Conqueror.

  4. Effects of the Norman Conquest New Language • Rulers and Aristocrats > French • Clergy(church) > Latin • Commoners > Old English (later ME) Change in Living Conditions • Rise in the growth of towns • Stability in religion • Stability in administering of justice

  5. The Feudal System A Landholding and Military System • All land belonged to king by divine right. • Land was distributed in large estates to king’s friends. • Knights and serfs did not own land. • All men pledged military allegiance to an overlord.

  6. Hierarchy of the Feudal System God King Lord Subject

  7. Knighthood Boys received formal training from an early age. 1st Step—Page (age 7) 2nd Step—Squire (age 14) 3rd Step—Knight (age 21) After demonstrating bravery, trainees became knights and received the title of “Sir” during a dubbing ceremony.

  8. Code of Chivalry • Loyalty to God (the church) and the king and reverence for women • Important concepts were honor, humility, and bravery. • Courtly love—knights put women (especially unattainable women such as the queen) on a pedestal and performed great deeds in their honor.

  9. The Effects of the Church God Pope Archbishops Bishops Priests • The church became a hierarchal institution. • The church was the center of education; monks learned of Greek and Roman scholars as well as teachings of the church (the beginnings of Oxford and Cambridge Universities)

  10. Crusades • Series of wars supported by the church around 1100-1300 • People traveled widely and had contact with higher civilizations of the Middle East • Led to a richer, more varied life (a step toward the modern world)

  11. Succession of Kings William I William II Henry I Stephen Henry II

  12. Thomas a’ Becket Life—appointed by Henry II, his friend, to Archbishop of Canterbury so Henry could win disputes between church and crown; Becket sided with Pope, not Henry Death—Henry nonchalantly mentioned that he’d like to get rid of Becket; four of Henry’s knights killed Becket in the Canterbury Cathedral Result—SAINT Thomas a’ Becket, the martyr; people built a shrine for him at Canterbury and it became a favorite place of pilgrimage

  13. Rise of the Common People Middle Class • formed as trade and industry increased • merchants and craftsmen formed guilds (unions) Magna Carta (1215) • King John was forced to sign it • Took some power from the king and gave it to the people • Middle class began to be heard in government

  14. Rise of the Common People BLACK DEATH • A severe epidemic of plague in the 14th century • Left black patches on the skin of its victims • Killed 40 % of the population of England • Caused a labor shortage which resulted in the freedom of many serfs • Gave lower class leverage over their overlords

  15. Rise of the Common People English Language • Once again heard and taught • Had changed considerably due to Latin and French influences (Middle English) Nationalism (Pride in One’s Country) • People had shaken off depression of the Norman Conquest • Hundred Years War-England v. France; England militarily unsuccessful but developed national consciousness

  16. Literature of the Middle Ages • Early literature was lost in Norman Invasion • First surviving pieces are religious (c. 1200) • Secular poets began to appear, many writing about King Arthur

  17. Literature of the Middle Ages Folk ballads Canterbury Tales by Geoffrey Chaucer Sir Gawain and the Green Knight Le Morte d’ Arthur by Sir Thomas Mallory

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