Heat Transfer in Earth’s Systems

1. Heat Transfer in Earth’s Systems Chapter 5 Lesson 1

2. Essential Question • What factors affect the weather? • How is Earth a system? • How is temperature measured? • How is heat transferred?

3. Page 154

4. How is Earth a system? • Earth is a system made up of different parts. (ABCHG) • What parts of Earth’s system interact to form a storm like a hurricane? Atmosphere & Hydrosphere

5. The condition of Earth’s atmosphere at a particular time and place is called ______________________? Weather

6. Page 155

7. How is temperature measured? • Temperature: measures the average energy of motion of the particles in a substance. What is the name of the device used to measure temperature? Thermometer

8. Build Your Own Thermometer! • The bulb thermometer is the common glass thermometer. • The thermometer contains some type of fluid, generally mercury. • A liquid changes its volume relative to its temperature. • Liquids take up less space when they are cold and more space when they are warm. Materials needed: • Adult Supervision • A glass jar or bottle with a water-tight lid - The lid should be the screw-on kind and made from metal or plastic. The jar needs to be glass so that its shape does not change when you squeeze it. • A drill or a hammer and a large nail • Some silly putty, plumbers putty, caulk or chewing gum • A drinking straw - 8 or 10 inches (about 23 cm) long, the thinner the better, preferably clear! • Some food coloring (not required) Extra Credit!

9. Molecules in Motion! The faster atoms are moving- the more energy they have- the higher the temperature will be. But what is it called when atoms almost stop moving? Absolute Zero

10. How is temperature measured? • Thermal energy: measures the total energy of motion of the particles in a substance. (mass) Both the cup and teapot have the same temperature. But the teapot has more thermal energy. Why? Mass

11. Page 156 How is Temperature Measured?

12. Page 157

13. How is heat transferred? • Conduction • Convection • Radiation

14. Conduction • In solid matter, the atoms are always doing a dance, jiggling up and down and all around. • We can't see them jiggle, but we can feel their energy. How? As heat! • Adding heat energy to matter makes its atoms and molecules jiggle even faster. As they speed up, they bump against their neighbors, and get them jiggling faster too.

15. Conduction Put a cool pan on a hot stove, and soon the pan is hot. If the handle is metal, it will get hot too, as the faster-moving molecules in the metal pass their energy along. That's conduction: Matter "conducting" energy throughout itself, through molecules bumping into each other.

16. Convection • Convection happens only in liquids and gases, like water and air. • The atoms in liquids and gases are farther apart than in solids. Because they have more room between as they heat up and jiggle faster, they move much farther, carrying the heat energy with them. • The atoms move in currents. The warmed air rises, making a current. Cooler air moves in to replace the warmed air, gets warmed up too, and rises into the current.

17. Radiation • Radiation moves energy and travels in waves it doesn't need atoms to move along. • Energy that travels by radiation is called electromagnetic radiation. • Light is one kind of electromagnetic radiation we can see. • Heat we feel on our skin when we stand in the Sun or put our hands over a hot stove is caused by infrared radiation, another type of electromagnetic radiation.

18. Page 158How is Heat Transferred?

19. Page 158How is Heat Transferred?

20. Page 159

21. Home Learning • Lesson 1 Assess Your Understanding • Review And Assessment #1-3 Page 185 • Extra Credit Cranberry Sauce • Extra Credit Backpack & Supplies • Science Current Event 9/30 • Fairchild T-Shirt Design 9/30 • Extra Credit Thermometer 10/1 • Chapter 5 Vocabulary 10/18

22. Play "Beat the Heat!" • Match scrambled up words with real words before the thermometer tops out