Chapter 11

1. Chapter 11 Racial and Ethnic Inequality and Conflict

2. Chapter Outline • Intergroup Conflict • Preoccupation with Prejudice • Slavery and the American Dilemma • Status Inequality and Prejudice • Identifiability

3. Chapter Outline • Equality and the Decline of Prejudice • Mechanisms of Ethnic and Racial Mobility • Hispanic Americans • Going North: African American “Immigration” in the United States

4. Intergroup Conflict • Much of the prejudice among groups is not based on race. • Examples: • Antagonisms between Protestants and Catholics in the U.S. during the 19th and 20th centuries. • Conflict between English- and French-speaking Canadians. • Continuing massacres in Africa.

5. Race • A race is a human group with common biological features. • Racial groups differ in skin color, eyelid shape, the color and texture of hair and blood type. • Racial differences are important only because people attach cultural meaning to them.

6. Ethnic Groups • Groups with different cultural heritages. • Cultural differences are not enough to make a group an ethnic group. • The differences must both bind a group together and separate it from other groups.

7. Primary Ethnic Ancestry of Americans of European Descent

8. Primary Ethnic Ancestry of Americans of European Descent

9. “From the list, please indicate the groups you would not like to have as neighbors.”

10. Theories on Prejudice : Authoritarian personality • Some people accept only the norms of their group and reject any variations. • When confronted with others whose norms differ, they become anxious. • To resolve the anxiety, they assume that those who differ are inferior.

11. Allport’s Theory of Contact • Prejudice will decrease if two groups with equal status have contact. • Prejudice will increase if one group is dominant and the other subordinate. • Prejudice will intensify if the groups are engaged in competition. • Prejudice will decline if the groups cooperate to pursue common goals.

12. Bonacich: Why People Will Accept Low Wages • Very low standard of living. • Lack of information. – They are unaware of minimum wage laws and have no way to collect unpaid wages.

13. Bonacich: Why People Will Accept Low Wages • Lack of political power – They lack citizenship or be unable to force favorable reforms. • Economic motives - They intend to be temporary workers.

14. Enrollment in School, 1930

15. Post-World War II Earnings Recovery by Japanese Americans

16. Three Elements of Group Upward Mobility in the U.S. • Geographical concentration. • Internal economic development and occupational specialization. • Development of a middle class.

17. American Minorities

18. American Minorities

19. American Minorities

20. Economic Circumstances

21. Educational Achievementof Americans Age 25–35

22. Labor Force Participation

23. Language Abilities of Hispanic Americans

24. Personal Experience With Discrimination of Hispanic Americans

25. Relative Educational Gainsby African Americans, 1960–2000

26. Income Gains by African American Working Couples

27. Barriers to African AmericanProgress • The legacies of slavery • No homeland • Visibility • Numbers