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CLASSIFICATION

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CLASSIFICATION

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    1. 11 Jan. 2012 Classification.ppt 1 CLASSIFICATION

    2. 11 Jan. 2012 Classification.ppt 2 CLASSIFICATION OBSERVATION: Many kinds of organisms: Some similar to each other. wood frog, leopard frog, bull frog

    3. 11 Jan. 2012 Classification.ppt 3 CLASSIFICATION Others less similar fish, frogs, snakes

    4. 11 Jan. 2012 Classification.ppt 4 CLASSIFICATION Others very dissimilar people, pine trees, protozoans

    5. 11 Jan. 2012 Classification.ppt 5 CLASSIFICATION Why are some kinds similar and others NOT similar? Question to be answered later? How can we make sense of (explain) this diversity? How can we organize what we know about these organisms?

    6. 11 Jan. 2012 Classification.ppt 6 Answer: CLASSIFY Similar “types” (species) grouped together, separated from other species. Then, group similar groups together, etc.

    7. 11 Jan. 2012 Classification.ppt 7 CLASSIFICATION Species = kind of organism fundamental unit in evolution and ecology more precise definition soon

    8. 11 Jan. 2012 Classification.ppt 8 CLASSIFICATION Necessary? YES !! ~ 1 million species of plants, 5-10 million species of animals + fungi, protists, bacteria no good estimates of numbers of species Human mind needs to organize information.

    9. 11 Jan. 2012 Classification.ppt 9 CLASSIFICATION Classification system organizes biological knowledge. Classification itself is HYPOTHESIS about relationships, similarity because of common ancestry.

    10. 11 Jan. 2012 Classification.ppt 10 CLASSIFICATION = Sequence of levels. Linnaean system, from Carolus Linnaeus, 1740's Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species King Phil called old fat George stupid.

    11. 11 Jan. 2012 Classification.ppt 11 CLASSIFICATION = Linnaean system

    12. 11 Jan. 2012 Classification.ppt 12 CLASSIFICATION Whittaker’s Five Kingdoms, 1965 Kingdom Bacteria Kingdom Protista Kingdom Fungi Kingdom Animalia Kingdom Plantae

    13. 11 Jan. 2012 Classification.ppt 13 CLASSIFICATION Woese, 1985 Prokaryotic organisms are far more diverse than thought previously. Domain Eubacteria (prokaryotic “true bacteria”) Domain Archaea (prokaryotic “archaeans”) Domain Eukarya (eukaryotic organisms)

    14. 11 Jan. 2012 Classification.ppt 14 CLASSIFICATION Woese, 1985 Prokaryotic organisms are far more diverse than thought previously. Domain Eubacteria (prokaryotic “true bacteria”) Kingdom Proteobacteria (gram-negative) Kingdom Gram-positive bacteria Kingdom Mycoplasmas Kingdom Rickettsias Kingdom purple-sulfur bacteria and more Domain Archaea (prokaryotic “archaeans”) Domain Eukarya (eukaryotic organisms)

    15. 11 Jan. 2012 Classification.ppt 15 CLASSIFICATION Woese, 1985 Prokaryotic organisms are far more diverse than thought previously. Domain Eubacteria (prokaryotic “true bacteria”) Domain Archaea (prokaryotic “archaeans”) Kingdom Thermophiles Kingdom Halophiles Kingdom Methanogens Kingdom ARMANS (“Archeal Richmond Mine Acidophilic Nanoorganism” Science vol. 314, 22 Dec. 2006.) Domain Eukarya (eukaryotic organisms)

    16. 11 Jan. 2012 Classification.ppt 16 CLASSIFICATION Woese, 1985 Prokaryotic organisms are far more diverse than thought previously. Domain Eubacteria (prokaryotic “true bacteria”) Domain Archaea (prokaryotic “archaeans”) Domain Eukarya (eukaryotic organisms) Kingdom Protista Kingdom Fungi Kingdom Plantae Kingdom Animalia

    17. 11 Jan. 2012 Classification.ppt 17 CLASSIFICATION Woese, 1985 Domain Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species Did King Phil call old fat George stupid ?

    18. Group names in BIOL 1403 Students are expected to learn the formal, “scientific” names of  Kingdoms and Phyla;  for Classes and lower levels, common names may be used. 11 Jan. 2012 Classification.ppt 18

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