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The English Renaissance 1485-1625

The English Renaissance 1485-1625. Renaissance-flowering of literary, artistic, and intellectual development Began in Italy in the fourteenth century Medici family/banking “Rebirth” of intellectual and artistic energies that characterized ancient Rome and Greece

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The English Renaissance 1485-1625

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  1. The English Renaissance1485-1625 • Renaissance-flowering of literary, artistic, and intellectual development • Began in Italy in the fourteenth century • Medici family/banking • “Rebirth” of intellectual and artistic energies that characterized ancient Rome and Greece • Also a time of territorial exploration and discovery>both in Asia and the Americas

  2. The English Renaissance1485-1625>The Tudor Dynasty • Henry VII married Elizabeth of York • Ended the Wars of the Roses • Symbol>the Tudor rose • Eight-petaled design that combined the old white (York) and the red (Lancaster) designs • Ruled the country for more than a century • Time of stability and confidence • Progress of the Renaissance in England>slow and fitful

  3. The Tudor Rose: A combination of the white (York) and the red (Lancaster)

  4. The English Renaissance1485-1625>The Tudor Dynasty • Henry the VIII came to the throne when his father died in 1509 • Willful and audacious man • Wanted to be thought of as “enlightened Prince of the Renaissance” • Brought stability; made court patronage of artists/writers possible • Sir Thomas More’s Utopia (Greek for “no place”) • First masterpiece of English Renaissance • Center of active/brilliant circle>Humanists>Erasmus

  5. Henry VIII

  6. Henry VIII and his six wives

  7. The English Renaissance1485-1625>The Tudor Dynasty • Sir Thomas Wyatt/Henry Howard, Earl of Surry • Two gifted poets in Henry’s court • Sonnets>based on Italian (Petrarchan) style • Movement of religious protest • Martin Luther>Germany>Ninety-five Theses • Objections to church abuses • Became Protestant Reformation • No religious alignment for England>political

  8. The English Renaissance1485-1625>The Tudor Dynasty • Henry VIII>married Catherine of Aragon(#1) • Spanish>Roman Catholic>no male heir • Henry wanted divorce>Pope refused • Henry had marriage annulled • Mary>daughter=illegitimate • The Act of Supremacy>Henry=head of church and state>Anglican church established • Sir Thomas More refused to swear allegiance to Henry>imprisoned/executed (A Man for All Seasons)

  9. Catherine of Aragon and daughter, Mary (Mary Tudor/Mary I/Bloody Mary

  10. Anne Boleyn and her daughter, Elizabeth

  11. Jane Seymour and her son, Edward

  12. The English Renaissance1485-1625>The Tudor Dynasty • Henry kept mass, all rites, left doctrine unchanged • Henry’s six wives: • Catherine of Aragon---Mary Tudor (Bloody Mary) • Anne Boleyn---Elizabeth I • Jane Seymour---Edward VI • Anne of Cleves • Catherine Howard • Catherine Parr • “Divorced, beheaded, died; divorced, beheaded, survived”

  13. The English Renaissance1485-1625>The Tudor Dynasty • Henry died in 1547>succeeded by nine-year old son>Edward VI>died of tuberculosis at fourteen • Edward VI succeeded by Mary Tudor (Mary I, Bloody Mary) • Wife of Phillip II of Spain • Instituted a reign of terror against Protestants • Had Elizabeth imprisoned in Tower of London • Two months>then put her under house arrest at country estates for five years • Died after five-year reign • Succeeded by Protestant half-sister>Elizabeth

  14. The English Renaissance1485-1625>The Tudor DynastyElizabeth I (1558-1603) Only 25 when she came to the throne Schooled in French, Italian, Spanish, Greek, and Latin Mother>Anne Boleyn, 2nd wife of Henry VIII Had a sharp intellect & excellent Renaissance education Accomplished linguist & poet Clever, skillful diplomat>shred, even ruthless politician

  15. The English Renaissance1485-1625>The Tudor DynastyElizabeth I (1558-1603) Internal tension between Protestants and Catholics Promoted peace and prosperity Moderate religious course Foreign affairs>the wonder of the era Balanced financial affairs with realistic ingenuity

  16. The English Renaissance1485-1625>The Tudor DynastyElizabeth I (1558-1603) • Leader in pursuing explorations to the New World • Sir Francis Drake>Golden Hind • First Englishman to circumnavigate the world • Pirate>preyed on Spanish ships • Brought much-needed funds • Drake knighted>Phillip II furious • Led to the Spanish Armada>1588 • Defeat of the Spanish Armada made England “Mistress of the Seas” and the most powerful nation in the world

  17. The English Renaissance1485-1625>The Tudor DynastyElizabeth I (1558-1603) • Elizabeth I used her unmarried status as a way to gain support from other nations, but she claimed to be married to the throne of England • Died childless in 1603 • James VI of Scotland became James I of England>begins the House of Stuart

  18. The English Renaissance1485-1625>The House of Stuart

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