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English 9 Q1 1

Reference for English 9 PPT

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English 9 Q1 1

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  1. Modals used inexpressingpermission, obligation,and prohibition

  2. Lesson Objectives: • classify the modals used in expressing permission,obligation, and prohibition • express permission, obligation, and prohibition using appropriate modals; and • create a dialogue using modals.

  3. What is a Modal? Modals used in expressing permission, obligation, and prohibition.

  4. Modals •Also called auxiliary or helping verbs. •Gives additional information about howthe main verbs function in the sentence.

  5. MODALS

  6. Modals •Modals are OFTEN placed before the base form of the verb. OFTEN but NOT ALWAYS. Example: Students can use a calculator for this solvingactivity.

  7. Modals •Modals can not change forms. example: can - cans • we cannot put s, -es, -ing to the modal. • we also use just the base form of the verb afterthe modal.

  8. modals used in expressing... • PERMISSION • PROBIHITION • OBLIGATION

  9. Modals Used in Expressing PermissionPERMISSION - giving consent or authority or allowing someone to do something. Modals: can could might may

  10. CAN - can be used to give or ask for permission. Example: Can I ask you a question? (Asking) You can choose from the choices. (Giving)

  11. COULD - is used as a more polite and formal modal in asking permission. Example: Could you please help me? Could I borrow your book?

  12. MAY - the most formal and polite way of asking and giving permission. Example: May I please go out, Ma'am? May I ask for a refund?

  13. MIGHT - is used for respect And politeness. Example: Might I trouble you with something? Might I ask what is your name?

  14. CREATEYOUR OWN SENTENCE (5) can (5) could (5) might (5) may

  15. PROHIBITION- a statement that does not allow an action. can't/ cannot must not

  16. can't - is a contraction of the word cannot. - used in dealing with something that is against the rule, law, or signs posted. Example: You can't drive a vehicle without a license. Sshh, you can't be too loud in the library.

  17. mustn't - is a contraction of the word must not. - also deals with something that is not allowed. In this context, the speaker sets the rule. Example: You mustn't stay up late at night. Hey! You must not bring your shoes inside the house, young man.

  18. CREATE YOUR OWN SENTENCE

  19. OBLIGATION • Shows duty or responsibility. • has/ have to must

  20. has/have to - is used when the obligation is set by an authority, rule, or law - used when expressing an obligation set by a general rule. has - singular have - plural

  21. Example: 1. We have to implement the socialdistancing rule at all times. 2. She has to hurry or she will miss the bus.

  22. must - is used when the obligation comes from the speaker. Example: I must pass my activities on time. You must submit your outputs on time.

  23. CREATE YOUR OWN SENTENCE

  24. NO OBLIGATION - shows no duty or no responsibility. doesn't have to don't have to

  25. don't - is used when speaking in the second and third person (I, you, we, and they) doesn't - is used in the third person singular only ( he, she and it)

  26. don't have to Example: It is an accident, you don't have to apologize. doesn't have to Example: She doesn't have to bring his files. We already have a copy of it.

  27. CREATE YOUR OWN SENTENCE

  28. PERMISSION can could may might PROHIBITION can’t mustn't OBLIGATION / NO OBLIGATION has/have to must don't/doesn't have to

  29. OUTPUT Make your own dialogue using the modals used in expressing permission, obligation, and prohibition. Perform the dialogueby making a video. You can be creative in doing your video presentation. Your videoduration must be a maximum of 3 mins only

  30. You can choose a scenario here: G1- Service in a restaurant G2- Asking permission to havea sleepover G3- Prohibitions on driving a car G4- Obligations on playingbasketball G5- Obligations on applying fora job

  31. TEST I Instructions: Choose the best modal verb to complete each sentence. Part 1: Permission _______ I borrow your pen for a moment? (Polite request for permission) You _______ leave early if you finish your work. (Giving permission) We _______ go to the beach this weekend, but it depends on the weather. (Expressing possibility/permission) _______ you help me with this problem? (Polite request for permission) Children _______ not enter this area without adult supervision. (Lack of permission/restriction)

  32. Part 2: Prohibition You _______ smoke in this building. (Strict prohibition) They _______ not touch the exhibits. (Prohibition) We _______ park here; it's a no-parking zone. (Prohibition)

  33. Part 3: Obligation/No Obligation You _______ complete this assignment by Friday. (Obligation) I _______ go to the doctor's appointment; I'm feeling much better. (No obligation) Students _______ attend all classes. (Obligation) We _______ wear a uniform to school. (No obligation) He _______ finish the report tonight; it's due tomorrow. (Obligation)

  34. TEST II Instructions: Choose the best modal verb to complete each sentence. Think carefully – some questions might have more than one possible answer. "_______ I take photos inside?" (A polite visitor asks.) "You _______ touch the artifacts." (A stern guard warns.) "Visitors _______ leave their bags at the cloakroom." (A sign indicates.) "We _______ have booked our tickets online; the queue is enormous!" (A frustrated visitor comments.) "I _______ have seen that exhibit before; I think I'll skip it this time." (A visitor reflects.)

  35. Students _______ arrive on time for class." (A school rule states.) "You _______ wear a uniform, but it's recommended." (The school policy explains.) "_______ I leave the classroom to get a drink of water?" (A student asks their teacher.) "You _______ cheat on the exam; it's against the rules." (The teacher sternly reminds.) "I _______ have studied harder for this test; I didn't do very well." (A student regrets.)

  36. "Employees _______ complete their timesheets by the end of the week." (A company policy dictates.) "You _______ work overtime if the project requires it." (A manager informs.) "We _______ have finished the report earlier; the deadline is tomorrow!" (A stressed worker exclaims.) "_______ I leave early today? I have a doctor's appointment." (An employee asks their boss.) "You _______ use your personal phone during work hours." (A company rule prohibits.)

  37. Answer Key: Part 1: Permission May/Could can might/could Could/May May Part 2: Prohibition mustn't must mustn't/can't Part 3: Obligation/No Obligation must/have to don't have to must/have to don't have to has to/must May/Could: These are the most polite options for requesting permission. Must not: This is a clear and strong prohibition. Must: This expresses a clear obligation. Should: This indicates that booking online would have been a wiser choice. Might: This expresses a possibility. Must: This indicates a firm obligation. Don't have to: This indicates that wearing a uniform isn't obligatory. May/Could: Polite options for requesting permission. Must not: This is a clear prohibition. Should: This indicates that studying harder would have been advisable. Must/Have to: Both indicate a strong obligation. May/Might: These suggest that working overtime is possible but not mandatory. Should: This indicates that finishing earlier would have been preferable. Could/May: Polite options for requesting permission. Must not: This is a clear prohibition

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