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Cells (part 2): Plant Cells & Specialized cells

Learning Outcomes<br>Students should be able to:<br>- compare the structure of typical animal and plant cells<br>- state, in simple terms, the relationship between cell function and cell structure for the following:<br>u2022 absorption u2013 root hair cells<br>u2022 conduction and support u2013 xylem vessels<br>u2022 transport of oxygen u2013 red blood cells<br>- differentiate cell, tissue, organ and organ system

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Cells (part 2): Plant Cells & Specialized cells

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  1. Plant Cell

  2. Lesson objectives • Name the parts of the plant cell • Describe the function of each part

  3. 15. 1. 14. 2. 3. centriole 13. 4. 12. 5. 11. 6. free ribosomes 10. 7. 9. 8.

  4. Worksheet: Label the plant cells

  5. 8.

  6. Can you identify this organelle?

  7. Structure and function of plant cell components

  8. Function of cell wall • Made up of cellulose • Has 2 functions: – protects the cell from injury – supports and gives a plant cell its natural shape (provides mechanical support) • Is fully permeable Looking at the cell wall, do you think it is very flexible?

  9. Function of vacuole • Forms the biggest part of the plant cell • Reduces the amount of cytoplasm in the cell to a thin lining • Function is same as vacuole in animal cells • Contains cell sap which contains water, dissolved sugars and salt

  10. Function of vacuole • Why is it that plants have larger vacuoles? Ans: Plants are food producers and produce food constantly by photosynthesis. A large amount of food produced ends up being stored for later usage

  11. Function of chloroplast • Contains chlorophyll which is green in colour • Chlorophyll traps sunlight for the plant to photosynthesize • Do all plants have chlorophyll? Ans: Yes! All plants can carry out photosynthesis. This is a main characteristic of plants chloroplast

  12. Function of starch grain • Tiny grains that can be found in the cytoplasm • This is a form of stored food for the plant cell

  13. Lets recap Plant cell consist of • cell membrane cell wall chloroplast starch grain function is to function is to function is • vacuole • nucleus as a form of food storage supports the cell and gives a regular shape traps sunlight for photosynthesis • chromosomes • cytoplasm • Mitochondria • *centrioles * Only some plant cells

  14. Comparision between a plant and animal cell

  15. In pairs, draw a table stating the similarities and differences between the 2 cells below: 15. 1. 13. 1. 14. 2. 12. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 13. 11. 3. 4. 5. 12. 10. 11. 10. 9. 7. 6. 8. 9. 7. 8. animal cell plant cell

  16. Activity: Complete the table in the worksheet provided

  17. Difference between animal and plant cell Animal Cell Plant Cell Has a cellulose cell wall No cellulose cell wall Has chloroplasts Has no chloroplasts Has one or a few large vacuoles Has many small vacuoles Has starch grains in cytoplasm Has no starch grains

  18. Surface area: volume ratio

  19. The smaller the size of the object, the larger the surface area: volume ratio

  20. Specialised cells

  21. Activity: Suggest function of these structures RBC Xylem vessels Root hair cell

  22. 1) Red blood cell

  23. Red blood cell function Involved in gaseous transport of dissolved O2or CO2or CO

  24. Red blood cell

  25. 2) Root hair cell

  26. 2) Root hair cell • Long & narrow • Increases surface area:volume ratio • For efficient absorption of water and mineral salts

  27. 3) Xylem vessels

  28. 3) Xylem vessels • Transports water and mineral salts • From roots to stem and leaves • Walls strengthened by lignin (prevents collapse) • Xylem vessels bundled together provide mechanical support • Absence of cross walls and protoplasm (less impedance for water flow)

  29. Red blood cell Root hair cell Xylem vessels Structure 1. contains 1. long and narrow 1. absence of cross walls and protoplasm 2. Walls strengthened by lignin 3. xylem vessels bundled together haemoglobin (red pigment) 2. circular, biconcave shape Function 1. enable transport of O2from the lungs to all parts of the body 2. increases s.a.:volume ratio 1. increases s.a.:volume ratio of cell for efficient absorption of water and mineral salts from soil 1. enables easy water movement through lumen 2. prevents collapse of xylem vessel 3. provides mechanical support to the plant

  30. Tissues, Organs and Systems

  31. Structural hierarchy • cell --> tissue --> organ --> system • Tissue = a group of similar cells performing a special function (e.g. epithelium/epidermis) • Organ = a group of different tissues working together and enabling the organ to perform its function (e.g. stomach) • System = several organs working together for a special purpose (e.g. respiratory & digestive system)

  32. SIMPLE COLUMNAR EPITHELIUM (Cells)

  33. 4 basic tissues • Epithelium, Connective, Muscular and Nervous tissues

  34. Plants apical meristem (organs) onion cells (cells) epidermis (tissues)

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