To Identify The Major Causes And Impacts Of Child Poverty In United Kingdom

1. To Identify The Major Causes And Impacts Of Child Poverty In United Kingdom Avail the Top Quality Writing Services in Australia by Experts Phone No: +61879057034 Email: help@instantassignmenthelp.com.au Website: https://www.instantassignmenthelp.com.au/

2. ABSTRACT Child Poverty is considered to be a situation where children of society are facing extreme scarcity of financial resources. I will identify the major causes and impacts of child poverty in United Kingdom is the major aim of the current investigation. For attaining this aim I will focus on major concepts of child poverty, risk factors and effects of child poverty on child’s education, health and communities. I will use secondary data collection method for collecting appropriate facts and figures. In addition, I will use descriptive research design, qualitative research technique, secondary data collection method and thematic analysis for conducting investigation on child poverty. Throughout my research, I have found that Low wages, unemployment, low income families’ high expenses are the major reasons which creates problem of finance and that lead poverty. In addition, single and teenage parents are also considered as major causes of child poverty. Further, study has also concluded that all these causes increases child poverty which have negative impacts on education, health and communities. So, government of UK needs to pay attention towards the resolving the issue of child poverty.

3. TABLE OF CONTENTS introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 1 Background ................................................................................................................................. 1 Aim and Objectives..................................................................................................................... 2 Research questions ...................................................................................................................... 3 Rational ....................................................................................................................................... 3 Timescale .................................................................................................................................... 4 Literature review ............................................................................................................................. 5 Introduction ................................................................................................................................. 6 Child poverty .............................................................................................................................. 6 Causes of child poverty ............................................................................................................... 8 Risk factors of the child poverty in UK ...................................................................................... 9 Effects of child poverty ............................................................................................................. 10 Ways for ending child poverty .................................................................................................. 11 Research gap ............................................................................................................................. 12 METHODOLOGY ....................................................................................................................... 12 Research Philosophy ................................................................................................................. 12 Research Design........................................................................................................................ 12 Research Approach ................................................................................................................... 13 Technique of Research .............................................................................................................. 13 Data Collection ......................................................................................................................... 14 Data Analysis ............................................................................................................................ 15 Ethical Consideration ................................................................................................................ 15 Limitation of Research .............................................................................................................. 15 Results and Findings ..................................................................................................................... 16 Thematic analysis...................................................................................................................... 16 Discussion ..................................................................................................................................... 19 Conclusion .................................................................................................................................... 20 Recommendation .......................................................................................................................... 21 references ...................................................................................................................................... 22

4. INTRODUCTION Child poverty can be defined as a phenomenon which is usually considered as the poverty experienced by children and young people. The problem of childhood poverty gives its long scratches across the nations. UK is one of the major country which is also facing the problem of child poverty (Taylor-Robinson and et.al, 2013). It is applied to children those belong to poor families and living their lives with limited, some and absent of necessary resources. Due to this problem most of the children cannot meet the minimum standards of living. There are different ways by which child poverty can be measured. Easiest way to quantify the child poverty is to set a monetary threshold and line of poverty. If any family is not capable to earn the amount of monetary threshold than children of that family will be considered as poor. It affects the social, education and physical development of children of UK. So, it is one of the major issue for this nations (Aldridge and Kenway, 2014). The research is based on child poverty in UK (Child poverty facts and figures, 2015). It will focus on determining the major causes and impacts of this issue. Further, I will also give on different risk factors which increases the level of child poverty in nation. For conducting investigation in proper manner I will follow an appropriate process which will comprise literature review, research methodology and analysis section (Child poverty, 2015). All these stages help in resolving research problem and getting appropriate solution with respect to the causes and impacts of Child poverty in UK. Background Government of UK and respective authority has declared that monetary threshold for family with two adults and two children is £349 each week. It helps in living their life with appropriate standards of the above the poverty line. Findings of the census survey of UK has reflected that there are currently in UK 3.7 million children living in poverty. In which 1.7 million children are suffering form the problem of severe poverty. Overall, 63% children are living with the difficulties of poverty in this nation (Child poverty facts and figures, 2015). Statistics and facts have reflected that child poverty affect child’s education, health and daily lives of families and entire community of UK. According to the data, only 48% children on 5 years old are entitled with the free schools meals and effective level of development and rest of the children are included in the group of poverty. Families living in poverty have £13 per day per person to buy necessary

5. thing for living their daily life. Therefore, poverty affect the entire family and their growth and development (Bradshaw, 2013). So, government of the UK has introduced Child Poverty Act 2010 to end this issue by 2020. But on the other hand as result of the Coalition Government’s policies is it predicted by the different research scholars that 1 million children will be pushed into poverty by 2020/21. Figure 1: facts and figure for child poverty and household income below of UK average (Source: Child poverty definition to be changed, 2015) So, statistical facts and figures have reflected that child poverty is a serious issue which can affect the growth and economic development of UK so, government needs to pay attention towards the same. Aim and Objectives Aim: “To identify the major causes and impacts of child poverty in United Kingdom”. Objectives: To understand the major concepts of child poverty. To identify the major risk factors of the child poverty in UK.

6. To critically analyze the effects of child poverty on child’s education, health and communities. To suggest appropriate ways for declining or ending child poverty in UK. Research questions 1.What is child poverty? 2.What are the major causes and risk factors which increases the threat of poverty in UK? 3.What effects can child poverty have? 4.What needs to be done to end child poverty in UK? Rational Poverty is one of the greatest threat to the wellbeing of children and families in both developed and developing nations. At present UK is suffering from this crucial problem. It is affecting life of children and their families and entire communities. So, understanding the problem of child poverty in UK is one of the major research issue of the current study. It is an issue because of the various reasons such as most of the families are living their lives in below the poverty line and there are no working members. Along with this, low paid wages, inadequate benefits, lone parents, large families, disabilities, etc. Including this, association with the black and minority ethnic group is also considered as major reasons of the child poverty. It is an issue now because percentage rate of the child poverty is increasing year by year in UK. This issue is affecting education and health of children and their families. Including this, it increases the negative effects on different areas of child development such as social, educational and personal. So, UK government and other respective authorities needs to pay attention towards this issue for increasing the future growth and development of the youth generation and nation. For resolving this issue researcher has selected this subject for the whole investigation. Regarding this author should shed light on different concepts, causes and major risk factors of child poverty in UK. Further, study should and focus on determining major impacts of child poverty on child’s education, health and communities. Overall findings of the current investigation will help in suggesting appropriate ways for ending child poverty in UK.

7. Timescale Table 1: Gantt chart for conducting investigation on child poverty in UK Major activities of 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 the research / duration Analysis of the research problem and background study on child poverty Literature review using different secondary sources Selection of different tools and techniques of research methodology Primary and secondary data collection methods Sampling frame

8. Examination and analysis of the collected data Interpretation of findings and discussion of all results Draft submission of the research report Final submission of the research project Avail the Top Quality Writing Services in Australia by Experts Phone No: +61879057034 Email: help@instantassignmenthelp.com.au Website: https://www.instantassignmenthelp.com.au/

9. LITERATURE REVIEW Introduction Literature review is the assessment of current articles and literature available through secondary sources. It consists of substantial findings and theoretical knowledge of the theme (Cribb, Hood, Joyce and Phillips, 2013). LR emphasis on current findings of the author in order to get insight of the particular theme or subject. Review of literature basically consists of articles, research paper, books and journal which have authentic sources. Child poverty is the state of a child living below the poverty line or are residing in a family which is subsequently low in finances (Engle and Black, 2015). Child poverty is a major issue for the government as well as the society as it is impacting on the countries or economies development (Dowler and O’Connor, 2012). It is necessary to use literature review so as to pertain the reasons that are leading to child poverty and to formulate strategies or recommendation in order to reduce impact's issue. In order to achieve this critical analysis of literature available on the topic of child poverty is done (Wolfe, and et.al, 2014). Critical analysis helps the researcher in finding out the major factors that are leading to child poverty. Defining Child poverty Poverty is considered to be a situation where the individual is facing extreme scarcity of financial resources. Dowler and O’Connor, 2012 has stated that “child poverty is a hazardous condition as it is impacting the future of the new generation of the economies” (Dowler and O’Connor, 2012). It is a state where children are facing problems of low finances or are becoming extremely poor. To support this, Taylor-Robinson and et.al, 2015 has found that “children faces a state of extreme inferiority complex from the children who are potentially developed from the poor child” (Taylor-Robinson and et.al, 2015). Poverty is a sort of avalanche which discourages individual potential to improve his/her present condition. The definition of child states that any male or female below the age of puberty i.e. below the age of 14 is a child. On the other hand Gornick and Jäntti, 2012 has said that “any child from a family which is below the poverty line or is not earning sustainable livable financial resources to support the family is considered to be poor” (Gornick and Jäntti, 2012). However, Morrow and Pells, 2012 has found that any family earning below £375 per week is considered to be below poverty line (Morrow and Pells, 2012). The poverty line is an economic threshold used to define the minimum level of

10. income required to secure the minor necessities of life. Barnes and Wright, 2012 also defines poverty as the inability to purchase goods and services that are required by each child (Barnes and Wright, 2012). Child poverty refers to the state of child living in poverty or forced to live in property. Minujin, 2012 states that child poverty is declining a child with the major human rights of education (Minujin, 2012). It deprives the child to receive education and to develop into a well groomed personality. Poverty is a curse to the society as it deprives the economy to develop and hampers opportunities for growth for the individuals as well. Child poverty is the biggest threat to a developed nation as well as a developing nation. It has reduced the growth of economies which were entitled to harness with a faster way. There are many causes that have led to rise in child poverty in different countries and economies (Child poverty definition to be changed, 2015). Avail the Top Quality Writing Services in Australia by Experts Phone No: +61879057034 Email: help@instantassignmenthelp.com.au Website: https://www.instantassignmenthelp.com.au/

11. Causes of child poverty Poverty is one of the major issue of society and there are number of factors which increase the level of this problem. These factors work together to degrade the condition of child and results in increasing the condition of poverty among them. As per Brewer, Browne and Sutherland, 2015 has stated that low paid work or jobs is one of the many reasons of poverty” (Brewer, Browne and Sutherland, 2015). It is the parent’s disability to receive substantial wages of their work which leads in making their families spoor. Low wages increase the risk of exploitation of the individuals and creates issues for the survival. It is difficult for human being to survive in a low wage payment where they have to feed to more than two persons in a family (Engle and Black, 2015). On the contrary Reasons for Child Poverty, 2013 profound that it is not the companies that are paying low the individuals but it is low qualification if the people that makes them eligible for low payment in wages (Reasons for Child Poverty, 2013). Eventually the most developed countries have also fallen prey of this problem. Pre-marital pregnancy or teenage pregnancy disrupts education and the teenagers or adults are forced to discontinue their education in midterms (Barnes and Wright, 2012). In this case Gornick and Jäntti, 2012 argues that low income families increase poverty and not problems of pre-marital or teenage pregnancy (Gornick and Jäntti, 2012). The author (be specific which author) said that the income of a family does not reduces with the birth of a child instead it is the same the only proportion that changes is the expense. After child birth families expenses increases which may lead to instances of poverty. Even Arndt and et.al, 2012 argued that a low income family will not be considered as poverty ridden but a family who is below the poverty line or is regularly deprived with basic amenities of food, clothing and shelter are poverty struck (Arndt and et.al, 2012). Another cause of poverty is family with single parents or parents who are totally unemployed. It is evident as per, Taylor-Robinson and et.al, 2015 has stated that if a house have single parents and more number of children it is difficult to maintain financial stability in that family (Taylor-Robinson and et.al, 2015). Also a completely unemployed individual will lead to poverty only, that particular family if will not have money it cannot survive. Dowler and O’Connor, 2012 has argued that families that are earning well but have expenses that are considerably high or outside the basic necessary range will also become poverty affected (Dowler and O’Connor, 2012). As it is not the income that creates poverty but the problem of expanding more than individuals capacity that makes the entire family poor (Morrow and Pells, 2012).

12. To critically critique both the authors Bradshaw, 2013 stated that any family which does not earns and even does not have enough to support for the expenses of basic necessities will come in the category of poverty (Bradshaw, 2013). However, generation poverty is also a common reason of leading to poverty. In many cases poverty is followed from many generations thus it is difficult for the individuals to cure it or improve it. Minujin, 2012 has identified that some stances of breakdown or tragedy in a family may also lead to poverty (Minujin, 2012). For example, death of the main earner of the family may force the members to struggle for resources and this may lead to increase in poverty. Cribb, Hood, Joyce and Phillips, 2013 has distinguished that many families are facing issues due to substance abuse of alcohol or drug use (Cribb, Hood, Joyce and Phillips, 2013). It destroys assets and creates mental issue for the family as well. A person wasting money and financial resources for purchase of drug or alcohol will create shortage of funds that will lead to poverty. These factors causes poverty whereas there are factors which increases risk of poverty among household and children. Children are consider to be at greatest risk if their family or portents fall into problems that will result into poverty. Risk factors of the child poverty in UK Brewer, Browne and Sutherland, 2015 identified that there are families with single parents or lone parents are at a greater risk of poverty (Brewer, Browne and Sutherland, 2015). It is due to the fact that these single parents cannot provide top the sufficient amount of income required for the expenses of a family. This is due the reason that either they are unemployed or are earning low then their actual capacity. For instance a single parent with two children requires at-least £375 for survival and they will not be counted under poverty line (Engle and Black, 2015). Gornick and Jäntti, 2012 said the amount of income earned by the family members must be more than their spending capacity only then they will not be in the risk factors of poverty (Gornick and Jäntti, 2012). On the contrary, families with large number of individuals are also prone to poverty. In this families the members who can earn are low then the total members. Thus the amount of income will always be low then required. They struggle to provide basic necessities to the children as well as are in a greater risk to pay debt as well. This is due to the amount of debt they would have raised to reduce situation of poverty in their family (Dowler and O’Connor, 2012). Physical disability is also considered as major reason behind the poverty (Bradshaw, 2013). As per Barnes and Wright, 2012 it is obvious that families whose adult or child are disabled will have to face huge expenses

13. for medicine and curing their issues (Barnes and Wright, 2012). On the contrary Wolfe, and et.al, 2014 explains that being disabled is not the reason to become poor but the problem of a family to not support for hospital expense for the disabled person will become poor or poverty struck (Wolfe, and et.al, 2014). It is not just the problem of the disabled that being born with a disability will result in his/her family becoming poor. On the other hand if the members of the family are able to support for the cost of medicines and hospital expenses then the person himself/herself will be improve his/her heath. But if the family is already poor due to hereditary issues, they will not be able to provide for his treatment expenses. And the add-on in treatment expense will further deficit in their present situation (Arndt and et.al, 2012). Effects of child poverty It is clear that there are very harmful effect of child poverty on the society as well as the economy of a country. Child poverty is deprecating the rate of development of the future generation. Child poverty major effect is on the personal development of the children. They are not able to get education which is their basic human right (Taylor-Robinson and et.al, 2015). Minujin, 2012 has found that due to this they fall prey to under development and lack in confidence as well. Poverty generates inferiority complex, poverty struck child feels he/she is incapable to fit in the high standard of society (Minujin, 2012). Also Brewer, Browne and Sutherland, 2015 have analyzed that even society doesn't consider these children who are poor or belong to a poor family (Brewer, Browne and Sutherland, 2015). There are treated as nonexistent or minorities by the riches of the society and are exploited for their personal gains as well. Lack in proper education leads to further unemployment which the effects the family. This further becomes a process because a poor will yield unemployment and thus hereditary will be formed (Bradshaw, 2013). On the contrary Cribb, Hood, Joyce and Phillips, 2013 stated that inability of a child to receive education is not the entire fault of him/her, but it is the backdrop for a country or economy (Cribb, Hood, Joyce and Phillips, 2013). The country is also effected by the phenomenon of child poverty. As and as child poverty will increase there will be low development and the per capital income will also decline. This will indicate that the entire country is not developing which is not consider an ideal situation in terms of growth and maturation. However Morrow and Pells, 2012 said that it furthers add to poor hygiene and deploys the mental level and health of the children (Morrow and Pells, 2012). It can be critiqued that even bad health or unstable mental level will

14. result in poverty as well. But this is not all, this is a hazardous condition for the future generation. Children are considered to be the future of the world, if they are ill or have some or other mental problem these will possess a dangerous impact on the upcoming generation (Engle and Black, 2015). The society is also effected as per if there is high number of poverty in the country. It depletes the development of individual living in the society. Society is affected if there is lack in education or more number of health affected individuals. It is not a good sign of fairly developed society (The impact of poverty on educational outcomes for children, 2007). Ways for reducing the level of child poverty Government and political powers are doing great work in reducing the numbers of poverty in the society. They have formulated various campaigns and policies to end poverty completely from the society. The campaign aims to provide welfare support to the families and children affected by poverty. Childcare facilities are given to the mothers in order to help them raise their child in a economic and sound financial way. Young teenagers and parents are provided with monetary benefits to help them in improving their financial stability. Free school meals are given to the children who are already poverty struck to allure them to get more involved with studying and educating themselves (Child poverty definition to be changed, 2015). Housing facilities are given to the family who have low incomes and that is getting expended on the housing bills. Children are kept in these home to provide them, with shelter and to motivate them to get employed and work in order to improve their situation. Government have created programs especially for low income families or children facing poverty. The main objective of this program is to lower the interest rates levied on the credit amount (Dowler and O’Connor, 2012). This will improve their present financial firmness as they will not have to worry to pay higher amount of interest rate which is tedious task for these families. The government have formulated child poverty act, 2010 which targets to eradicate poverty from the society. This acts target was to completely curb poverty by 2010 unable to do this the new timeline is set for 2020. The political parties have also increased the number of employment in the country by providing job opportunists to the individual. It is necessary for the government to generate jobs so as to make the individuals capable to earn. This will automatically reduce poverty if more and more number of individuals are able to generate income sources for their family (Taylor-Robinson and et.al, 2015). Along with this free education programs have also been created for the very rich and poverty ridden families. It is to make the children able to provide help to their

15. family. As education is the source to curb poverty, only if the children will be educated they will be able to perform earning responsibility to support their families (Arndt and et.al, 2012). Research gap This analysis can be defined as a process of determining a gap between past and current investigation on a particular subject which helps in deciding the current area of study. Findings of the literature review has reflected that there are large number of researcher who have conducted investigation of child poverty and its causes and effects. But, no one have conducted study on Uk specific for the current scenario. So, it a research gap for the current study because it is one of the crucial issue for country and no one have conducted study on such aspect. So, author has decided to conduct investigation on this subject. METHODOLOGY Research methodology can be defined as an organized process of the scientific and systematic search for information on a specific topic using suitable tools and techniques. Researcher needs to select tools as per the subject and type of the investigation (Gay, Mills and Airasian, 2011). For the current investigation author will apply the following methods: Research Philosophy Philosophy of the research can be defined as a way by which information about a specific phenomenon can be gathered, analyzed and used for making final conclusion. There are two types of research philosophies; positivism and interpretivism (Sunil and et.al, 2014). For the current investigation author will apply positivism research paradigm. It will be selected by researcher because it focuses on objectives rather than subjective concepts of the investigation. Major goal of this philosophy is to explain and predict which helps in discovering necessary and sufficient conditions for any phenomenon. Therefore, for the current investigation positivism research philosophy will play significant role in extracting various causes and impacts of the child poverty in effective manner. Consequently, positivism research philosophy will be effective for attaining all objectives of the study in appropriate way (Ye and Lai, 2012). Research Design Research design can be defined as a base for developing an appropriate plan for whole investigation. Including this, design of the research is necessary for gathering suitable information

16. about the research subject. There are three types of designs descriptive, exploratory and casual. Descriptive research design will be appropriate for the current investigation because subject of the investigation is very qualitative and selected design will help in analyzing the qualitative research in effective manner (Daniel and Sam, 2011). Along with this, descriptive research design will also help in analyzing important cases of child poverty. Descriptive research design will provide an opportunity to conduct in-depth study on child poverty and associated causers and risk factors. Using this research design researcher can identify the future area of the study. Overall, descriptive research design will helps in resolving research problem and getting suitable solution for the same (Flick, 2011). Research Approach It is very difficult to understand the appropriate aw for conducting investigation so, every author follow a specific approach for deciding to complete whole study. There are two types; inductive and deductive research approach. For the current investigation researcher will apply inductive research approach because it helps in accomplishing investigation from specific to general manner. Along with this, it will also be effective for developing a new general theory on child poverty (McMillan and Schumacher, 2014). Using this approach author will conduct investigation on child poverty in UK which will be effective for identifying causes, risk factors and impacts of child poverty in UK. Therefore, it will help in accomplishing investigation in-depth. Technique of Research For resolving research problem researcher needs to select appropriate techniques of the investigation. The current research subject if very theoretical so, researcher needs to apply qualitative research technique. It will be applied by researcher because it is very appropriate for understanding the subjective concepts and research problem in effective manner. Including this, qualitative research helps in understanding the historical research findings which will help in developing new theory on child poverty. Further, using this technique researcher can easily collect subjective information about causes, impacts and risk factors of child poverty (Kriz, Gummesson and Quazi, 2013). These information will helps in getting appropriate results for developing appropriate conclusion.

17. Data Collection Collection of data is an important task for every research and it is necessary to resolve problem in appropriate way. There are different methods of data collection such a primary and secondary data collection techniques. Primary data collection helps in collecting fresh and new information of any subject. In contrast, secondary data collection method plays important role in gathering facts about the current subject which have conducted by other research scholars in past. For the current investigation author will use secondary data collection methods only because it will help in getting information about the past and current situation of the child poverty in UK. Further, secondary data collection method will be effective for getting insights to understand the problem of child poverty in UK (Fiegen, 2010). Along with this, by analyzing the findings of the other research scholars and using the integration, method researcher can invent a new theory on the subject of child poverty in UK. For collecting secondary data researcher will use the method of literature review in which author will include research papers, articles, blogs and view of the past scholars on the similar subjects. Further, author will also use other sources such as government reports, journal articles, newspaper, magazine, reports from charities, statistics and media sources, etc. These sources will be very beneficial for getting appropriate solution for every research question (Goddard and Melville, 2004). Avail the Top Quality Writing Services in Australia by Experts Phone No: +61879057034 Email: help@instantassignmenthelp.com.au Website: https://www.instantassignmenthelp.com.au/

18. Data Analysis Analysis of the collected data is essential for getting suitable findings and results for every research objective. It can be defined as process of examining data and information using different tools and techniques. As per the above discussion author will use secondary data collection method for collecting information. It helps in obtaining qualitative information on child poverty. These collected information will be analyzed by using thematic analysis. It will be applied by author because it helps in examining qualitative information in-depth and helps in getting suitable findings from them (Martin and Guerin, 2006). Thematic analysis uses different themes, graphs and charts for examining data on child poverty. In the current research author will analyze all the collected information of the secondary data collection. Overall, thematic analysis will get appropriate findings for the current investigation (Bhattacharyya, 2009). Ethical Consideration Considerations of research ethics is most appropriate for accomplishing whole investigation in ethical manner. Every research is associated with the different ethical issues so, author needs to apply suitable strategies for resolving these issues. Major issues are belonged to the data collection process. As per the above discussion author will be used secondary data collection method for obtaining facts and figures and at this process plagiarism and manipulation of the data will be possible if researcher will not follow appropriate ethics. So, for overcoming this issue author needs to use all references and citation from were author has collected facts and figures (Li, Zhao and Chen, 2012). Therefore, this strategy will play significant role in removing all ethical issues of the current investigation. Limitation of Research Each and every researcher are associated with some basic limitations which can affect financial findings of the investigation. Along with this, it can delay the whole investigation also. Lack of time and cost is also the major limitation of the current investigation because child poverty is a very complex and large subject. It takes time to investigate in proper manner. So, for managing time and cost author has developed a pre plan of each and every activity with duration. It will be beneficial for managing research limitation (Sobh and Perry, 2006).

19. RESULTS AND FINDINGS The structure to reflect the question: 2 key themes- ) 1.causes /risks 2. Effect Quality of writing English- rose has to work on English +references Thematic analysis Discussion of the research methodology has reflected that author will use thematic analysis for examining qualitative data on child poverty. Thematic analysis will help in analyzing all subjective information using appropriate themes on different objectives (Whiteley and Whiteley, 2006). Findings of the literature review has helped in making different themes on child poverty which are described as under: Theme 1: Causes of child poverty in UK. As per the research objectives author wants to identify different causes of child poverty and review of literature has helped researcher in getting appropriate results for attaining this objective. Findings of literature has reflected that there are different reasons behind the child poverty which include pre-marital pregnancy, teenage pregnancy, low wages, low income families, high expenses in family, single parents and substance abuse of alcohol (Dowler and O’Connor, 2012). Including this, any family which does not have a single working person is also considered as a reason behind the child poverty (Gornick and Jäntti, 2012). Premarital and teenage pregnancy are considered as social issues and in this age parents are not capable to fulfill their own needs and requirements (Minujin, 2012). Including this, teenage parents are not capable enough to handle a child and is increases the financial needs for entire family. As per the facts and figures rate of teenage pregnancy is very high in UK (Brewer, Browne and Sutherland, 2015). So, it is considered as major reason behind the child poverty in UK. Including this, I have also found that low wages, wordlessness and inadequate benefits reduces the earning of families and due to this reason these families are not capable to satisfy their needs and requires and which leads child poverty. Therefore, all these are the major causes behind the child poverty in UK (Dowler and O’Connor, 2012). Theme 2: Major risk factors of the child poverty in UK. To identify the major risk factors of the child poverty in UK is one of the important objective of the current study. Systematic review of literature has helped researcher in attaining

20. this objective in effective manner. According to the analysis of data of child poverty I have disclosed that there are different factors which increases the risk of child poverty in UK. According to the collected information major risk factors of child poverty include lone parents, large families, disabilities and social exclusion (Arndt and et.al, 2012). All these factors have negative impact on the income status or earnings of the entire family and due to this reason children of UK faces the problem of money. So, these factors augment poverty in UK. Including this, study has also disclosed that ignorance, apathy, dependency, dishonesty and poor health are also major risk factors. Ignorance means lack of education, knowledge and awareness reduces the chances of appropriate occupation and career growth which affect the financial income of entire family and leads towards poverty. Further, summery of literature review has reflected that, individuals of UK are suffering from different diseases such as obesity, dementia, HIV, Aids and cancer. All these problems requires huge amount of money for proper treatment and due to this these families cannot fulfill daily needs and requirements of their children (Engle and Black, 2015). So, these are also considered as important risk factors which can augment the level of child poverty in UK. Theme 3: Effects of child poverty on child’s education, health and communities. As per the research project findings child poverty is not only a problem for a single family who is facing this issues but also for entire society of UK. According to the analysis of the secondary research author has found that child poverty ruined childhood. Along with this, it also affect the education and health of children. As per the findings child poverty increases lag in all stages of education for poor children. Including this, due to poverty parents of children cannot make all arrangements which are required for academic development and growth of child which affect the level of education, skill and knowledge of children (Minujin, 2012). Due this this reason, poorer children cannot make their career in appropriate fields which affect their own income level and increases risk of child poverty again. Similarly, findings of current investigation has reflected that poverty affect the mental and physical growth of children. Due to the poverty family of child cannot provide appropriate treatment for different kind of diseases which increases the risk towards development of health. So, child poverty also have negative impacts on children’s health. Further, children poverty affect the social, economic and entire development of society. Along with this, due to the low level of education, inappropriate health children cannot grow properly which has direct impact on future young generation of individuals. If children do not develop properly than

21. it will affect the development of the entire society and nation (Gornick and Jäntti, 2012). Overall, auto has disclosed that child poverty has direct impact on education, health and society of UK. Theme 4: Appropriate strategies for ending child poverty in UK. As per the research objectives author wants to suggest appropriate strategies or ways for reducing the negative impacts of child poverty in UK. So, as per the findings of investigation study has suggested that campaigns on importance of education and health for children will be one of the best way to end child poverty. This strategy will help in increasing the awareness of families about the education which will help in increasing the level of education of children of poorer family. It will also help in augmenting the skills and knowledge of children which will help in improving their children growth (Taylor-Robinson and et.al, 2015). Including this, government of the UK needs to take appropriate facilities for all those families those are living under the line of poverty. Regulatory authorities of UK should develop appropriate policies for improving life styles of poor families which will help in improving their level of education and health. It will improve their overall development of children and society. Including this, government of UK needs to develop appropriate facilities for education and health and social care aspect which will also play very significant role in augmenting the level of development. Therefore, these are the appropriate strategies for resolving issue of child poverty and its negative impacts on education, health and communities of UK. Overall, findings of the thematic analysis have reflected that study has attained all objectives in effective manner (Wolfe, and et.al, 2014). All these results have played significant role in resolving the research issues as well as also described causes and impacts of child poverty in UK. Avail the Top Quality Writing Services in Australia by Experts Phone No: +61879057034 Email: help@instantassignmenthelp.com.au Website: https://www.instantassignmenthelp.com.au/

22. DISCUSSION Findings of the current investigation has reflected that child poverty is a very crucial problem for UK and it is affecting economic and social development of children, families, communities and entire nation. Interpretation of the final findings have reflected that study have attained all objectives in very effective manner. According to the study be there are different reasons those are increasing the child poverty in UK. Low wages, unemployment, low income families high expenses are the major reasons which creates problem of finance and that lead poverty. In contrast, teenage pregnancy is one of the social issue and due to this parents are not capable enough to maintain their living standards above the poverty line. It increases chances of child poverty. Moreover, as per the research poorer families are not capable to satisfy their basic needs and requirements in effective manner (Cribb, Hood, Joyce and Phillips, 2013). In contrast, child poverty has negative impacts on child, families, communities and nation. For example, due to the poverty child cannot get appropriate education which decline their skills, knowledge and academic development. Similarly, due to the low education poorer children cannot build their career as compare to those child who are belonged to the upper level classes. This impact reduces the capabilities of the labor force of entire nation which negatively affect the whole country. On the other hand, due to the less of money child cannot get appropriate treatment and health and social care environment for managing their physical and mental health issues which affect growth and development of future young generation of the nation (Morrow and Pells, 2012). Consequently, child poverty affect education as well as health of individual which has indirect impact on families, societies and nation. So, government of the UK needs to take appropriate steps to resolve these issues and reduce the rate of child poverty in whole nation. According to the findings of the research on child poverty researcher has concluded that government can develop appropriate policies, act and regulations for providing rights and duties to those people and children who are living their lives in below the poverty line. On the other hand, regulatory authority needs to start campaigns on importance of education and health for child. All these strategies will help in ending the child poverty in entire nation (Minujin, 2012).

23. CONCLUSION Determining cause and effects of child poverty in UK is the major aim of the investigation. Child poverty is a complex issue of UK which is increasing the development risk for child, families and nation. So, author wants to conduct investigation on major reasons and impacts of child poverty by which study can get appropriate findings to suggest suitable strategies to overcome child poverty issue in UK. Regarding this author has used systematic review of literature which have helped in getting appropriate research gap and also helped in formulating a research plan for investigation (Gornick and Jäntti, 2012). Author has applied different tools and techniques of research for collecting and analyzing facts and figures on child poverty. Review of literature has reflected that most of the researcher have conducted investigation of child poverty but they focuses on the entire world not a single country. But, at present UK country is facing this problem at high level so it needs to pay attention so, author has decided to conduct investigation on this subject. After completing this file author has concluded that low wages, high expenses, low level of income, unemployment, single and teenage parents and other social and cultural issues are considered as major reasons of the child poverty (Taylor-Robinson and et.al, 2015). After wards author has also concluded that child poverty decline the facilities of education for poor child which affect the skills and knowledge of children in negative manner. Lack of monetary resources affect the health and social care for poor child at the time of any health issue. Poor children cannot get appropriate treatment to overcome their die4ases due to the inappropriate money for the medical facilities. This impacts increases the health issues and decline their physical and mental health capabilities which affect their growth and development in negative manner. Overall, Research has asserted that child poverty affect the health condition of different children of UK (Morrow and Pells, 2012). Along with this, child poverty increases the other social issues in entire community such as for satisfying the basic needs and requirement children can divert towards the wrong network which can ruined the life of themselves and others. It has negative impacts on the entire communities and nation. So, researcher has concluded that child poverty has negative impacts on society of nation.

24. Consequently, reviewing literature and using appropriate tools and techniques of research author has attained all the objectives of the current investigation in effective manner (Wolfe, and et.al, 2014). RECOMMENDATION Findings of the literature has reflected that for resolving the issue of child poverty government of the UK and other regulatory authorities are required to take some appropriate actions. According to the researcher, political or respective authorities should conduct some campaign on education and health. These will help in increasing the awareness of families about the requirement of education in developing career and living lives with effective standards. After these campaign they will try to give best education to their children which will help in improving their financial condition in future and reduce the child poverty in UK (Engle and Black, 2015). In health campaign government of the nation needs to make appropriate arrangements for the free checkup and treatment for some specific diseases which will improve the physical and mental health capabilities of children and entire family. In addition, communicating sign and symptoms of number of diseases to society and poorer families will also play significant role in increasing their awareness towards different kind of diseases by which they can take appropriate treatment for that. It will help in improving their health conditions also (Barnes and Wright, 2012). Therefore, health campaign is also one of the appropriate action for reducing child poverty in UK. Further, government should develop some protection acts and policies for providing appropriate rights to all those children and families who are belonged to the poor families. Therefore, study has suggested all these actions which will help in reducing the child poverty issue in UK in effective manner (Morrow and Pells, 2012). Avail the Top Quality Writing Services in Australia by Experts Phone No: +61879057034 Email: help@instantassignmenthelp.com.au Website: https://www.instantassignmenthelp.com.au/

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27. Avail the Top Quality Writing Services in Australia by Experts Phone No: +61879057034 Email: help@instantassignmenthelp.com.au Website: https://www.instantassignmenthelp.com.au/