Rosids Part 2: Eurosids I Rosales, Fagales Myrtales

1. Rosids � Part 2:Eurosids I � Rosales, Fagales & Myrtales

3. Core Eudicots: Rosids �Basal� Rosids: Order Vitales Eurosids I (Fabids): Order Malpighiales Order Cucurbitales Order Fabales Order Rosales Order Fagales Order Myrtales Eurosids II (Malvids): Order Brassicales Order Malvales Order Sapindales

4. Core Eudicots: The Rosids Lecture 2 �Basal� Rosids: Order Vitales Eurosids I (Fabids): Order Malpighiales Order Cucurbitales Order Fabales Order Rosales Rosaceae � Roses Ulmaceae � Elms Moraceae � Figs Order Fagales Fagaceae � Beeches, oaks Betulaceae � Birches Juglandaceae � Walnuts Order Myrtales Onagraceae � Evening primroses Myrtaceae � Eucalypts, myrtles Eurosids II (Malvids)

5. Eurosids I:Rosales: Rosaceae(The Rose Family) Cosmopolitan, primarily in the Northern Hemisphere Herbs, shrubs or trees (75% woody plants) Diversity: 3,000 species in 90 genera Flowers: Showy, actinomorphic, hypanthium present; sepals 5; petals 5; stamens usually numerous; carpels 1 to many; ovary can be superior, inferior, or half-superior (perigynous); fruit can be a follicle, achene, pome, drupe, or associated with expanded receptacle Significant features: Wide range of fruit evolution within family; leaves alternate, stipules present Special uses: Fruits (apples, pears, berries), ornamental herbs, trees, and shrubs; lumber, perfumery Required taxa: Rosa, Rubus, Prunus, Malus

6. Rosaceae: Rosa

7. Rosaceae: Rubus

10. Eurosids I:Rosales: Ulmaceae(The Elm Family) Widely distributed; maximal diversity in temperate regions of N. Hemisphere Trees with alternate, 2-ranked leaves Diversity: 40 species in 6 genera Flowers: Small, inconspicuous; tepals 4-9; stamens 4-9; carpels 2, connate, superior ovary; fruit a samara or nutlet, seeds flat Significant features: Leaves simple with pinnate venation, margins simply or doubly serrate, blade base asymmetrical; endosperm of a single layer Special uses: Elms provide lumber; some trees used as ornamentals Required taxa: Ulmus

11. Eurosids I:Rosales: Moraceae(The Fig Family) Widespread, from tropical to temperate regions Trees, shrubs, or vines (sometimes herbs) Diversity: 1,500 species in 53 genera Flowers: Unisexual, inconspicuous; tepals 0-4 or 5 (-8); carpels usually 2, connate, superior ovary; inflorescences cymose, highly modified, compact, receptacle expanded; fruit is a drupe, often in a multiple fruit structure (syconium). Significant features: laticifers/latex throughout the plant Special uses: figs (Ficus), mulberries (Morus), breadfruit (Artocarpus), ornamentals, e.g. osage orange (Maclura) Required taxa: Ficus

13. Moraceae: Ficus

19. Eurosids I:Fagales: Fagaceae(The Oak and Beech Family) Widespread, in tropical to temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere Trees and shrubs Diversity: 700 species in 8 genera Flowers: Unisexual; Tepals usually 6 and reduced, inconspicuous; stamens 4-many; carpels 3 (-12), connate, inferior ovary; fruit a nut, associated with a spiny or scaly cupule Significant features: Male inflorescences in dangling catkins; female inflorescences in sessile clusters Special uses: edible nuts (chestnuts), lumber, tannin, cork; ornamental trees Required taxa: Quercus, Fagus

20. Fagaceae: Quercus Bark pale to dark but scaly or furrowed Buds clustered at twig tips, ovate Leaves lobed or unlobed Male flowers in drooping catkins Cupule saucer-like or cup-shaped Nut circular in cross-section

21. Fagaceae: Fagus Bark light gray, smooth Buds solitary at twig tips, slender and acute Leaves unlobed, strongly straight-veined Male flowers in a rounded head Cupule with 4 valves Nut compressed or triangular

22. Eurosids I:Fagales: Betulaceae(The Birch Family) Widespread, in temperate to boreal regions, primarily of the northern hemisphere Trees or shrubs; leaves doubly serrate Diversity: 110 species in 6 genera Flowers: Unisexual; tepals (0-) 1-4 (-6), highly reduced; stamens 1-4; carpels 2, connate, inferior ovary; fruit an achene, nut or 2-winged samara Significant features: Flowers in erect (female) or pendant (male) catkins (aments); staminate and carpellate flowers in separate inflorescences Special uses: hazel nuts edible; lumber, shade trees, ornamentals Required taxa: Betula

23. Betulaceae: Betula Outer bark often separating in thin sheets Carpellate and staminate flowers both in bracteate catkins Carpellate catkins ovoid to cylindrical, with 2-3 flowers per bract and the bracts papery Staminate flowers 3 per bract; stamens 2, bifid

24. Eurosids I:Fagales: Juglandaceae(The Walnut and Hickory Family) Widespread from tropical to temperate regions Aromatic trees; leaves pinnately compound, usually alternate and spiral Diversity: 59 species in 8 genera Flowers: Unisexual, associated with bracts; tepals 0-4, inconspicuous; stamens 3-many; carpels usually 2, connate, ovary inferior; fruit a nut or nutlet Significant features: Fruit often associated with bracts or bracteoles that form an outer �husk� Special uses: fruits of hickories (Carya) and walnuts (Juglans) are eaten; walnut and hickory are valued for their lumber; some ornamentals Required taxa: Juglans, Carya

25. Juglandaceae: Juglans Twigs with chambered pith Leaflets all about the same or the median ones largest Staminate catkins sessile, solitary Nut with an indehiscent, usually rough or furrowed husk

26. Juglandaceae: Carya Twigs with solid pith Apical leaflets largest Staminate catkins sessile or pedunculate, in clusters Nut with a dehiscent or partially dehiscent, often smooth husk

27. Eurosids I:Myrtales: Onagraceae(The Evening Primrose Family) Widely distributed, primarily in western North America and South America Mostly herbs, some shrubs, trees Diversity: 655 species in 18 genera Flowers: Showy; sepals & petals (2-) 4 (-7); stamens (4) 8, not incurved in bud, pollen with viscin threads; carpels usually 4; ovary inferior; long hypanthium; cruciform stigmas; fruit is a loculicidal capsule or berry Significant features: Tetramerous flowers!! Special uses: Several ornamental herbs Required taxa: Oenothera

28. Onagraceae: Oenothera Herbaceous Leaves usually alternate Hypanthium prolonged beyond the ovary Corolla usually yellow (can be white or pink) Fruit a loculicidal capsule with many seeds or nut-like, indehiscent and few-seeded Seeds naked

29. Eurosids I:Myrtales: Myrtaceae(The Eucalyptus or Myrtle Family) Pantropical; highly diverse in warm temperate Australia Trees or shrubs often with flaky bark Diversity: 4,630 species in 144 genera Flowers: Hypanthium well developed; sepals and petals 4-5; stamens usually numerous; carpels 2-5, connate; ovary inferior to half-inferior; fruit usually a 1-many seeded berry or loculicidal capsule Significant features: Highly aromatic leaves & stems due to many terpenoid and resinous compounds; leaves entire with scattered pellucid dots containing these compounds Special uses: Eucalyptus important source of timber; many used as ornamentals; cloves (Syzygium aromaticum); guava (Psidium guajava) Required taxa: Eucalyptus

30. Myrtaceae: Eucalyptus Foliage dimorphic (juvenile leaves are rounded & stem-clasping; adult leaves are longer, willowy, and petioled) Flower buds covered by an operculum (fused sepals or petals or both) that falls off at anthesis Fruit a conical capsule (gumnut) Primarily Australian; ca. 800 species, some cultivated in the U.S.