IPY/NSTA Web Seminar: Impact of Polar Climate Change on Living Systems

1. LIVE INTERACTIVE LEARNING @ YOUR DESKTOP IPY/NSTA Web Seminar: Impact of Polar Climate Change on Living Systems Thursday, June 14, 2007 6:30 p.m. to 8:00 p.m. Eastern time

2. Agenda: • Introductions • Tec-help info • Web Seminar training • Presentation • Evaluation • Chat with the presenter

3. NSTA WS Staff Al ByersAssistant Executive DirectorNSTA Jeff LaymanTech Support703-312-9384jlayman@nsta.org NSTA Susan HurstcalderoneScience Teacher Volunteer Chat Moderator

4. Elluminate Screenshot Screenshot

5. We would like to know more about you… NSTA WS Staff

6. Poll #1 How many web seminars have you attended? • 1-3 • 4-5 • More than 5 • This is my first web seminar. • I don’t know what is a web seminar. Use the letters A-E located at the top left of your actual screen to answer the poll

7. Where are you now?

8. Poll #2 What grade level do you teach? • Elementary School, K-5. • Middle School, 6-8. • High School, 9-12. • I teach college students (undergrad and/or grad students). • I am an Informal Educator

9. LIVE INTERACTIVE LEARNING @ YOUR DESKTOP IPY/NSTA Web Seminar: Impact of Polar Climate Change on Living Systems Thursday, June 14, 2007 7:00 p.m. to 8:00 p.m. Eastern time

10. Cold Microbes: From Global Cycles to Genomes David Kirchman College of Marine and Earth Studies University of Delaware Lewes, Delaware

11. Greenhouse gases like CO2 are increasing in the atmosphere CO2 in atmosphere Year

12. How much has the average global temperature changed due to greenhouse gases and human activity? • Not at all. • Not at all yet, but may in the future. • About 1oC so far, may be as high as 6oC by the year 2100. • About 2oC so far, may be as high as 10oC by the year 2100.

13. Arctic Ocean will be free of ice by 2040?! 2040? 2004

14. Microbes consume and produce many greenhouse gases, especially CO2 Phytoplankton and other plants Autotrophs CO2 Organic Matter + O2 Heterotrophs Bacteria and animals

16. Seawater after staining for DNA Heterotrophic bacteria (about 0.5 mm)

17. How many bacteria are in the oceans?

18. Fate of plant (primary) production in the oceans CO2 Protist grazers Larger grazers Bacteria Detritus 50% in warm oceans CO2 Phytoplankton (plants)

19. Are bacteria and other microbes as “active” in the Arctic as elsewhere? CO2 Protist grazers Larger grazers Bacteria Detritus What fraction goes this route in the Arctic? CO2 Phytoplankton (plants)

20. Weak, inactive bacteria  strong classical food chains Pomeroy and Diebel (1986) [M. Webber-USFWS]

21. Why microbes may not be so active in the Arctic: It’s cold up there! -1.7- +5oC in water -20oC in sea ice (salinity = 20%)

22. Polar bear swim by Kirchman

23. Are bacteria and other microbes as “active” in the Arctic as elsewhere? True False

24. How many cells are growing and are active in taking up organic material? Microautoradiography 1. Incubate with 3H-organic material 2. Fix and filter 3. Embed into photographic film emulsion 4. Develop and analyze

25. Bacterium 3H Microautoradiography: single cell assay for organic material use 3H-amino acids Photographic film emulsion

26. Cells stained for DNA (0.5 mm) Silver grains, indicating uptake of 3H amino acids

27. Arctic bacteria are active, even in freezing water!! 70-100% of cells detectable by FISH

28. Questions?

29. What have you learned? Microbes both produce and consume greenhouse gases, like CO2 and methane (CH4). True False

30. What have you learned? The biomass (weight) of whales is greater than that of bacteria in the oceans. True False

31. What types (“species”) of marine bacteria are in the Arctic Ocean and in the global carbon cycle?

32. Answers from genomics ge·nom ic(je’ nom’ ik)adj.The study of the structure and function of large numbers of genes simultaneously.

33. Many genomes are now sequenced. >200 marine microbes now being sequenced Draft of human genome 2007

34. Metagenomics (environmental genomics) Genes isolated directly from microbial communities without culturing in the lab.

35. Lots of marine bacterial “species”, many new and still not isolated. Torsvik et al. (2002):160 Venter et al. (2004):1,800-45,000 Giovannoni and Rappe (2000)

36. What you should have learned: • Climate change is real, especially in the Arctic, which is very sensitive to global warming. • Microbes are important because of their abundance and their role in consuming and producing greenhouse gases. • Data about genomes help us understand microbes in the Arctic and other natural environments.

37. What is going to happen to our climate and the biosphere??

38. Thank you!

39. Elluminate logo http://www.elluminate.com

40. NLC screenshot http://learningcenter.nsta.org

41. National Science Teachers Association Gerry Wheeler, Executive Director Frank Owens, Associate Executive Director Conferences and Programs Al Byers, Assistant Executive Director e-Learning NSTA Web Seminars Flavio Mendez, Program Manager Jeff Layman, Technical Coordinator Susan Hurstcalderone, Volunteer Chat Moderator LIVE INTERACTIVE LEARNING @ YOUR DESKTOP

42. NSDL: Selecting and Using Digital Phenomena and Representations for Middle School Science Instruction • June 19, 2007 • 6:30 PM Eastern Time

43. NSTA SciGuides: Provide tools to quickly and easily locate targeted science content information and teaching resources from NSTA-reviewed science web sites. http://sciguides.nsta.org

44. Web Seminar Evaluation http://institute.nsta.org/survey/ipylife2.asp