Four types of participle How do we recognise them?

1. Four types of participleHow do we recognise them? 1. 2. 3. 4.

2. Most verbs……. (all verbs except the ones on your list) portans portatus portaturus PP PPP FP carrying having been carried about to carry A few verbs……. (check your list!) hortans hortatus hortaturus PP PAP FP encouraging having encouraged about to encourage

3. Four Types of Participles makes it passive • Present Participle (PP) • ………….ing • Cogidubnus, drinking the waters, felt much better • Perfect Passive Participle (PPP): • Having been ………ed • Cogidubnus, having been carried into the baths, tasted the waters • Perfect Active Participle (PAP): • Having ……...ed • Having returned to his villa,Cogidubnus felt much better • Future Participle • About to……… • About to leave the baths, Cogidubnus suddenly fell to the ground.

4. aedificatum • (having been) built • neuter singular • nominative or accusative

5. scriptam • (having been) written • feminine singular • accusative

6. gerens • wearing • masculine or feminine singular • nominative

7. ducentes • leading • masculine or feminine plural • nominative or accusative

8. secutus • having followed • masculine singular • nominative

9. locuti • having spoken • masculine plural • nominative

10. intrantem • entering • masculine or feminine singular • accusative

11. inventos • (having been) found • masculine plural • accusative

12. ingressos • having entered • masculine plural • accusative

13. tenentem • holding • masculine or feminine singular • accusative

14. facti • (having been) made / done • masculine plural nominative • OR m. or n. sing. genitive

15. conatam • having tried • feminine singular • accusative

16. interfectus • (having been) killed • masculine singular • nominative

17. resistente • resisting • masculine, f. or n. singular • ablative

18. egressis • having gone out • m. f. or n. plural • dative or ablative

19. Participles Practice… • egressi forum, intrare tabernam volebamus. • portans puerum, servus domum festinavit. • urbem oppugnaturi sumus. • captivi ab hostibus liberati domum ierunt. • ingens turba pompam per Viam Sacram procedentem spectabat. • custodes puero lacrimanti nihil dixerunt. • milites, a dominis iussi, in longis ordinibus stabant. • mercator amicos, a Graecia regressos, ad cenam sumptuosam invitavit. • fures domum egressi, fugerunt.

20. Future Participles… • hodie in arena multi gladiatores morituri sunt. • dominus ad urbem profecturus servos laborare iussit. • locuturus magna voce, orator surrexit. • pater vocavit filium domo egressurum. • nunc ego vobis cenam splendidam daturus sum. • milites in animo volvebant quid cenurio dicturus esset. • hospites Haterium rogaverunt num Euphrosyne saltatura esset. • custodes fures ceperunt, egressuros. • hostis vobis necandus est.

21. faber, prope ianuam tabernae stans, pugnam spectabat. • Vilbia, e culina egressa, sororem statim quaesivit. • fures, ad iudicem ducti, veniam petiverunt. • omnibus civibus tacendum est quod sacerdotes appropinquant. • centurio, amphoram vini optimi adeptus, ad amicos celeriter rediit. • subito equos appropinquantes audivimus. • puer callidus pecuniam, in terra celatam, invenit. • hostis vobis necandus est.

22. Ablative Absolutes

23. Ablative Absolutes • Noun/pronoun + participle • Both in the ablative • Often (not always) at the start of the sentence, sometimes separated by commas

24. How to translate Ablative Absolutes 1) urbe capta, milites discesserunt. With the city having been captured, the soldiers departed Or: After city had been captured/when the city had been captured….. 2) feminis lacrimantibus, fur effugit. With the women weeping, the thief escaped OR: While the women were weeping,…. 3) rege locuturo, milites intraverunt. With the king about to speak, the soldiers entered Or: When king was about to speak…..

25. sole oriente • with the sun rising / as the sun was rising

26. civibus egressuris • with the citizens about to go out / as the citizens were about to go out

27. servo intrante • with the slave entering / as the slave was entering

28. urbibus captis • with the cities having been captured

29. urbibus a militibus captis • with the cities having been captured by the soldiers

30. puella datura • with the girl about to give / as the girl was going to give

31. puella donum datura • with the girl about to give a present/ as the girl was going to give a present

32. matre gaudente • with the mother rejoicing / as the mother was rejoicing

33. magna turba comitante • with a great crowd accompanying

34. nauta morituro • with the sailor about to die / as the sailor was about to die

35. timore deposito • with fear having been put aside

36. imperatore vivente • with the emperor (or general) being alive / while the emperor was alive

37. servis dimissis • with the slaves having been sent away / dismissed

38. canibus in forum currentibus • with the dogs running into the forum/ as the dogs were running into the forum

39. gladio in vulnere relicto • with the sword having been left in the wound

40. ancillis sequentibus • with the slave-girls following / as the slave-girls were following

41. urbe incensa • with the city having been burnt

42. domina ingrediente • with the mistress entering / as the mistress was entering

43. his verbis dictis • with these words having been taken said

44. mercatore locuturo • with the merchant about to speak / as the merchant was going to …

45. servis liberatis • with the slaves having been freed

46. magistris loquentibus • with the teachers speaking / as the teachers were speaking

47. feminis salutaturis • with the women about to greet / as the women were going to greet

48. consulibus occisis • with the consuls having been killed

49. puella lacrimante • with the girl crying / as the girls was crying

50. amicis hortantibus • with the friends encouraging / urging