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Lipids

Lipids. Biology A/Biochemistry. 4 Types of Macromolecules. Carbohydrates Main source of energy. Quick source of energy. Lipids Alternate source of energy. Long term storage of energy. Proteins Build structures such as bone and muscle. Nucleic Acids Store and transmit genetic information.

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Lipids

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  1. Lipids Biology A/Biochemistry

  2. 4 Types of Macromolecules • Carbohydrates • Main source of energy. Quick source of energy. • Lipids • Alternate source of energy. Long term storage of energy. • Proteins • Build structures such as bone and muscle. • Nucleic Acids • Store and transmit genetic information

  3. Lipids • Functions of lipids in the body: • Store energy • Make up cell membranes • Used as chemical messengers • Made up of the atoms Carbon (C), Hydrogen (H) and Oxygen (O) • Lipids provide about twice as much energy as carbohydrates: • 1 gram of fat = 9 calories of energy.

  4. Lipid Composition http://whttp://farm4.static.flickr.com/3245/3061691298_9878e7ac45.jpgw.foodsubs.com/Photos/butter.jpg • 3 Types of lipids include: fats, oils and waxes • Lipids are made of: • 1 molecule of glycerol • 3 molecules of fatty acids

  5. Storing Energy • DEHYDRATION SYNTHESIS allows the body to create lipid molecules for energy storage

  6. Releasing Energy • HYDROLYSIS allows the body to break apart lipids in order to release energy

  7. Glycerol • Glycerol is colorless, odorless and has a sweet taste • It is used in cosmetics, medicines and toothpaste

  8. Fatty Acids • Chains of carbon and hydrogen with a C-O-OH at the end:

  9. Saturated Fatty Acids • Each carbon atom is joined to another carbon atom by a SINGLE bond • Carbon atoms are bonded to the MAXIMUM number of hydrogen atoms

  10. Saturated Fats • Made by animals • Solid at room temperature • Often contain high levels of cholesterol • When eaten in large amounts can clog arteries, leading to heart disease

  11. Unsaturated Fatty Acids • At least two carbon atoms are combined with a DOUBLE bond. • Not all carbon atoms are bonded to the maximum number of hydrogen atoms possible.

  12. Unsaturated Fats • Made by plants • Liquid at room temperature • Considered a healthier alternative to saturated fats

  13. Saturated vs. Unsaturated Fats

  14. Steroid Lipids • A unique group of lipids that are all made of four “fused” rings with other attachments. • Examples: Cholesterol, Testosterone, Estrogen, Cortisone and Recreational Steroids

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