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Struggle and Survival in Jamestown: English Settlers' Battle for Survival and Native American Conflict

This text explores the challenges faced by English settlers in Jamestown, including disease, starvation, and clashes with Native Americans. It also discusses the role of tobacco in stabilizing the colony and the later economic and social conflicts. The text also delves into the establishment of the Middle Colonies, particularly Pennsylvania, by William Penn and the Dutch settlement in New Netherland.

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Struggle and Survival in Jamestown: English Settlers' Battle for Survival and Native American Conflict

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  1. An English Settlementat Jamestown Unit 2 –Section 2

  2. English Settlers Struggle in North America

  3. Jamestown Beginnings • John Smith warns of trouble • “There was no talk, no hope, no work, but dig gold, wash gold, refine gold, load gold.” • First disease from contaminated river water • Hunger • Laziness • “ Thus we lived for the space of five months in this miserable distress . . . our men night and day groaning in every corner of the fort, most pitiful to hear. If there were any conscience in men, it would make their hearts to bleed to hear the pitiful murmurings and outcries of our sick men for relief, every night and day for the space of six weeks: some departing out of the World, many times three or four in a night; in the morning their bodies being trailed out of their cabins like dogs, to be buried.” • —A Jamestown colonist quoted in A New World

  4. John Smith-Jamestown • 1607-only 38 left • John Smith takes over the colony • Forces settlers to farm or they would not eat • Makes a packed with the Powhatan to provide them food. • Gets burned and heads back to England • In the spring of 1609 - 600 more colonists arrived • Powhatan are worried at the number of settlers unease begins

  5. Powhaten Beginning Again Attempted to abandon original site English ship convinces colonists to return. New leadership Flogging/ Hanging for not working Stabilized/ expanded • Alarmed at the growing numbers of settlers Natives attack • Livestock is killed • Farms are destroyed • By Winter starvation sets in. • Known as the “starving time” • Ate roots, rats, snakes and shoe leather. • Only 60 survive

  6. Tobacco “Brown Gold”- helps stabilize the colony 1612 – tobacco was cross breed with a strain from Brazil High quality tobacco in high demand 1620 colonists exported 1.5 million pounds under he headright system Each person that paid for a passage or their own would received 50 acres of land Indentured servants are brought from England Food and shelter 4 to 7 years

  7. Slaves Arrive The Dutch Bring Slaves 20 arrive Treated as indentured servants Received land and freedom Relatively small numbers In Virginia, where tobacco served as currency in the early 1600s, an indentured servant could be purchased for 1,000 pounds of tobacco, while a slave might cost double or triple that amount.

  8. The Settlers Clash with Native Americans • English continue to push the Natives in a demand for expantion • English settlers had no desire to intermingle with the Natives (Unlike Spain) it was against the law • Retaliation for the “Starving Time”-Powhatan • Demands for corn and labor • Setting Villages on fire • Kidnapping Pocahontas-Chief Powhatans daughter • Married John Rolfe in 1614 • Chief Opechancanough attacks and kills 340 colonists.

  9. Jamestown Almost Fails Again • After the Attacks from the Powhatans • Virginia Company send in troops and supplies-almost going bankrupt • 1624 King James revokes charter and makes Virginia a royal colony-meaning under the control of the King • England sends more troops • 1644- 10,000 Settlers • Powhatan numbers decline

  10. Economic Differences Split Virginia • 1670- Free white men are former indentured servants • Had no money to buy land • Had not rights as only land owners could vote • Lived in the western outskirts • Fought with Natives for land

  11. Sir William Berkeley • Governor of Jamestown • Imposed high taxes-paid mostly by the poor • Taxes were used for his and his friends profit and needs • Not used to improve the colony or its people • Lower class complained –sparked a battle between classes • Berkeley refused military support for the lower classes

  12. Bacon Rebellion • 29 year old plantation owner- Wealthy Englishman • Married to Berkeley’s Cousin • Detested Natives • Raised an army of lower class colonists • Army declared illegal • 1676 addressed the unfairness to House of Burgess • Set fire to the town • Sends Berkeley back to England • Bacon dies a month later • Berkeley returns/ events brings notice to his deeds-sent back to England dies before he meets with King Charles.

  13. Unit 2- Section 4 Settlement of the Middle Colonies

  14. William Penn • At the age of 22, committed himself to the Society of Friends (Quakers) • Quakers were a protestant sect whose religious and social beliefs were radical for the time. • King Charles II owned Penn’s father money, William asked the King to pay back the money in the form of North American land. • 1681- King Charles II gave Penn a Charter to establish Pennsylvania. • Equality, cooperation, and religious toleration. • Did not share his intent until the charter had been issued. • Attracted many settlers of different faiths.

  15. The Dutch- New Netherland • 1621 the Dutch grant the Dutch West India Company permission to colonize. • Expand the Fur trade. • 1625 New Amsterdam (New York) Capital of the colony • Trouble getting Dutch to settle- Germans, French, Scandinavians. • One-fifth was African. • Friendly terms with Natives- Trading Partners. Fought over land and rivalries

  16. England Takes New Netherlands • England did not like that it separated north and south. • 1664- King Charles II – demanded that his brother King James II ( Duke of York) to push out he Dutch. • Governor Stuyvesant asked for support from his fellow colonist- not well like no one showed and the colony was taken without a fight. • Renamed New York • Duke gave additional land to his friends and they renamed the territory New Jersey for the British island of Jersey.

  17. Penn’s Quakers • Quaker- believed that God’s “inner light” burned inside everyone. They held services without formal ministers, allowing any person to speak as the spirit moved him or her. • Dressed in plain clothes • Refused to defer to a persons of rank • Embraced pacifism ( opposing war) refused to serve. • Harassed by Anglicans and Puritans • “holy experiment” • Guaranteed every adult male settler 50 acres of land/ right to vote • Representative assembly • Capital “ City of Brotherly love” Philiadephia • Delaware- had a separate existence/ same governor as Pennsylvania

  18. Relationships with Natives • Penn believed that people approached in friendship would respond in friendship. • Before Penn came to North American Penn arranged to have a letter read to the LenniLanapi, or Delaware • Penn wanted to ensure that he was a man of faith, friendship, and justice. • Regulated trade with Natives and provided a method of checks and balance by having Natives address any difference in a court setting. • 50 years of peace. • Need to attacked more settlers-farmers, builders, and traders. • Advertisements were printed throughout Europe in many languages. • Spent 4 years in Pennsylvania/ died in poverty in 1718/ no profit

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