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2.2 An English Settlement at Jamestown. MAIN IDEA Two early English colonies failed, but Jamestown survived- partly through individual effort and hard work. WHY IT MATTERS NOW. Jamestown’s survival led to more English colonies and a lasting English influence in the United States.
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2.2 An English Settlement at Jamestown MAIN IDEA Two early English colonies failed, but Jamestown survived- partly through individual effort and hard work.
WHY IT MATTERS NOW Jamestown’s survival led to more English colonies and a lasting English influence in the United States.
Roanoke and Sagadahoc • First sponsored by Sir Walter Raleigh in Virginia, 1585 and 1587. -Settlers disappeared. • Plymouth Company sponsored Sagadahoc (modern-day) Maine. -Settlers went back to England.
Joint-Stock Company • Investors fund colony and give charters; get profits. • In 1607, Virginia Company sends 150 people to found Jamestown.
Disastrous Start • Colonists seek gold, suffer from disease and hunger. • John Smith forces colonists to farm; get help from Powhatan people. • (1609) 600 colonists arrive; Powhatan destroy farms; “starving time”.
“Brown Gold” and Indentured Servants • New arrivals revive and expand colony. • Tobaccobecomes profitable; export 1.5 million lbs. by the late 1620s. • Headright System- purchaser of passage get 50 acres- lures settlers. • Plantation owners use indentured servants -work 4-7 years for passage.
The First African Laborers • Arrived 1619, treated as indentured servants. • Late 1600s, owners begin importing costly slaves because, -indentured population decreases. -colony becomes wealthy.
The English Pattern of Conquest • English do not live or intermarry with Native Americans. • Hostilities between Powhatan and English. • 1614 marriage of Pocahontas and John Rolfe creates a temporary peace. • Renewed fighting forces the king to make Virginia a royal colony.
House of Burgesses (1619) • To provide more local control. • The company elected representatives that met once a year.
Economic Differences Split Virginia • Former indentured people settle frontier. -Cannot vote. -Pay high taxes. • Battle natives; tension between frontier, wealthy. • Governor refuses to give money to help frontier fight natives.
Bacon’s Rebellion • Nathaniel Bacon raises army to fight natives on frontier (1676). • Governor calls Bacon’s army illegal; Bacon sets fire to Jamestown.