Presentation Package for Concepts of Fitness and Wellness 7e

1. Presentation Package for Concepts of Fitness and Wellness 7e Section VII: Concept 21 Preventing Sexually Transmitted Diseases Safe sex and sound information about sexually transmitted infections are important to health and wellness.

2. Terminology • STDSTI – broader term • Can be infected for many years before signs of disease begin to occur (e.g., HIV/AIDs) • STI better captures the range of outcomes Concepts of Fitness and Wellness 7e

3. General Facts • The healthy sexual experience can contribute to wellness in many ways. • Decisions concerning sexual behavior have lifelong consequences. • + Pleasure, childbearing, enriched, happy family life. • - Unwanted pregnancy, stress, disease strained social relationships, etc. Concepts of Fitness and Wellness 7e

4. Types of STI's • Viral • Bacterial Concepts of Fitness and Wellness 7e

5. HIV/AIDS • Greatest health threat to the world • Worldwide HIV/AIDS epidemic • 11,000 people infected each day • 40 million people currently living with HIV • Incidence increasing disproportionately among women and minorities Concepts of Fitness and Wellness 7e

6. HIV transmission • Two mechanisms of transmission • Sexual activity • Contact with infected blood (needle sharing or transfusion) • Spread by contact with body fluids(blood, semen, vaginal fluid, breast milk) • Concentrations are too low in sweat and saliva Click for info from the Harvard AIDS Institute Concepts of Fitness and Wellness 7e

7. Stages of HIV Concepts of Fitness and Wellness 7e

8. Factors Associated with Reduced Risk of HIV/AIDS • Abstain from sexual activity • Limit sexual activity to non-infected partner • Avoid contact with blood, semen, vaginal fluids • Use a condom (latex) every time you have sex • Use a water based lubricant with condoms • Abstain from risky sexual activity: oral or anal sex • Abstain from sex with high risk people: prostitutes, etc. • Do not inject drugs • Never share a needle or drug paraphernalia • Protect against other STIs Concepts of Fitness and Wellness 7e Click for info from the American Social Health Association

9. Recent Developments with AIDS • Self-testing kits for early detection and quick results • No cure, but treatments have improved • Search for a vaccine for HIV is well underway, though no vaccine is currently available. Concepts of Fitness and Wellness 7e See Web21-2 for more info on treatments

10. Other Sexually Transmitted Infections • Chlamydia • Gonorrhea • HPV • Syphilis • Genital Herpes • Genital Warts • Hepatitis B Each of these conditions is described in subsequent slides Visit Web21-05 site for updated information on these other STI’s Concepts of Fitness and Wellness 7e

11. Sexually Transmitted Diseases: Chlamydia • Most commonly reported for the past decade • “Silent STI” - Difficult to detect • Cause: bacteria • Cure: antibiotic • Risk: • Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) • Heart damage • Arthritis Concepts of Fitness and Wellness 7e

12. Sexually Transmitted Infections: Gonorrhea • Second most commonly reported STI • Transmitted primarily through sexual activity • Cause: bacterial • Cure: antibiotic • Risk: infertility Concepts of Fitness and Wellness 7e x

13. Sexually Transmitted Infections: Genital Herpes • Among the most commonly spread due to lack of awareness of infection • Cause: Herpes Simplex Virus 2 (but both 1 & 2 can cause genital sores) (HSV) • Cure: none • Risk: cervical cancer, transmission, etc. Concepts of Fitness and Wellness 7e

14. Human Papillomavirus (HPV) • Most common STI, but not the most commonly reported • Often not aware of infection • Typically goes away on its own • Over 50%of sexually active adults will be infected with HPV at some point in their lifetime • Leading cause of cervical cancer Concepts of Fitness and Wellness 7e

15. Sexually Transmitted Infections: Syphilis • Less common now (prevalent in the 1940s) • Cause: "corkscrew" bacteria • Cure: antibiotics • Risk: blindness, deafness, others Concepts of Fitness and Wellness 7e

16. Sexually Transmitted Infections: Others • Pubic crab lice • Chancroid • Genital warts • Hepatitis B Concepts of Fitness and Wellness 7e

17. Lab 21a information Reasons for Risk Among Young People • Perceived immortality • Risky sexual activity • Experimenting life-styles • Instant gratification • Inability to talk about sexual issues Be smart! If you are having sex, use protection! Click for info from the Centers for Disease Control on STI prevention Concepts of Fitness and Wellness 7e

18. Reasons for Risk Among Young People continued • Perceptions of being in a committed relationship, and therefore, believe they are at low risk for infection • Less likely to use condoms • SerialMonogamy – multiple committed relationships during the college years • Most college students do not get regularly tested Concepts of Fitness and Wellness 7e

19. Summary • Learn about the various STIs, their causes and their symptoms • Get regular screenings • Protect yourself • Realize that it can happen to you! • TALK about sexual issues Concepts of Fitness and Wellness 7e

20. Web Resources Online Learning Center “On the Web” pages for Concept Concepts of Fitness and Wellness 7e

21. Supplemental Graphics Lab Information

22. Lab 21a InformationSTI Risk Questionnaire Return to presentation • Complete the STI Risk survey for yourself or someone close to you. • Sum up the points and determine rating. • What recommendations would you have for that person. Concepts of Fitness and Wellness 7e