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Female Reproductive System

Female Reproductive System. I NTRODUCTION. Sexual Reproduction Union of the nuclei of ovum and sperm cell Ovum and Sperm cells are called gamete(s) Each Gamete contains half the number of chromosomes of a normal body cell. I NTRODUCTION. Gametes (ovum and sperm cell)

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Female Reproductive System

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  1. Female Reproductive System

  2. INTRODUCTION Sexual Reproduction • Union of the nuclei of ovum and sperm cell • Ovum and Sperm cells are called gamete(s) • Each Gamete contains half the number of chromosomes of a normal body cell.

  3. INTRODUCTION Gametes (ovum and sperm cell) • Gametes are produced in the gonads. • Female gonads are the ovaries; male gonads are the testes.

  4. INTRODUCTION Fertilization • An ovum leaves the ovaries and travels through the fallopian tube. • Fertilization takes place if sperm cells are present and unite with the ovum. • Fertilized egg implants then divides to form a ball of cells, called a zygote (and later an embryo and then a fetus).

  5. Fertilization

  6. ORGANS OF THE FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM • Page 259

  7. QUICK QUIZ: • Fertilized egg implants then divides to form a ball of cells, called a…. • Embryo • Fetus • Follicle • Zygote

  8. Organs of the female reproductive system anterior view (Page 260 • )

  9. The Breast sagittal view (page 261)

  10. MENSTRUAL CYCLE – page 262 • Day 1-5 Blood cells, endometrial cells, and glandular secretions discharge from the body • Day 6-12 Estrogen aids repair of endometrium. The ovum grows in the follicle. • Day 13-14 Egg leaves the ovary and passes through the fallopian tube • Day 15-28 Corpus luteum secretes progesterone; uterus lining builds up.

  11. MENSTRUATION AND PREGNANCY MENSTRUAL CYCLE

  12. PREGNANCY • If fertilization occurs, the egg implants in the uterine endometrium. • Placenta forms within the uterine wall • Amnion holds the fetus in an amniotic cavity • Nutrients, oxygen and wastes exchange between fetus and mother • Placenta produces human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)

  13. MENSTRUATION AND PREGNANCY A, Implantation in the uterus. B, Embryo’s relationship to the placenta

  14. QUICK QUIZ: • Corpus luteum secretes this monthly to build up the lining of the uterus….. A. adreniline B. estrogen C. Progesterone D. hCG

  15. QUICK QUIZ: 3. During Pregnancy what does the placenta secrete? • adreniline • hCG • progesteron • estrogen

  16. MENSTRUATION AND PREGNANCY PREGNANCY • Progesterone maintains placenta development • Uterus expands as fetus grows • Normal delivery fetal position in cephalic presentation (head first)

  17. MENSTRUATION AND PREGNANCY PREGNANCY • THREE PHASES of Labor • Dilation of the cervix • Birth of the infant • Delivery of the placenta

  18. MENSTRUATION AND PREGNANCY A, Cephalic presentation. B, Delivery of the placenta.

  19. HORMONAL INTERACTIONS • Pituitary secretes: • Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) • Luteinizing hormone (LH) • Pituitary stops producing FSH and LH • During pregnancy • With oral contraceptives

  20. Hormonal Interactions (cont’d.) • Menopause • Gradual ending of the menstrual cycle • Normally begins between 45 and 55 • Estrogen levels fall • Option for Estrogen replacement therapy (careful consideration of risks required)

  21. VOCABULARY – page 262 • adnexa uteri– fallopian tubes, ovaires and supporting ligaments • Amnion– inner most sac around fetus • Cervix– Lower, necklike portion of uterus

  22. VOCABULARY page 262 • Chorion – outermost layer of two membranes surrounding embryo • corpus luteum – empty ovarian follicle that secretes progesterone after release of the egg

  23. VOCABULARY- page 266 • Embryo – stage in prenatal development from 2 to 6 wks • Endometrium – inner membrane lining the uterus • Estrogen – hormone produced by ovaires

  24. Vocabulary – page 262 • fallopian tube – duct where ovum travels to uterus • Fertilization – union of sperm and ovum • Fetus – stage in prenatal development from 6 to 39 or 49 wks

  25. VOCABULARY – page 267 • follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) – secreted by pituitary gland to stimulate maturation of the egg cell • Gamete – sperm cell or ovum (reproductive cell) • Gestation – period of fertilization of the ovum to birth

  26. VOCABULARY – page 267 • Gynecology – study of female reproductive organs. • human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) – hormone produced by placenta to sustain pregnancy by stimulating the mother’s ovaries to produce estrogen and progesterone.

  27. VOCABULARY – page 267 • luteinizing hormone (LH) – hormone produced by pituitary gland the promotes ovulation • Menopause – gradual ending of menstration • Menstruation – monthly shedding of the uterine lining.

  28. VOCABULARY – page 267 • Neonatology – study of the newborn, neonate • Obstetrics – branch of medicine concerned with pregnancy and childbirth • Orifice – an opening • ovarian follicle – Sac enclosing each ovum within the ovary • Ovary/Ovaries– organ(s) that produce egg cells and hormones

  29. VOCABULARY – page 267 • Ovulation – Release of ovum from ovary • Ovum – egg cell, female gamete • Parturition – act of giving birth • pituitary gland – endocrine gland at base of brain. It produces hormones that stimulate the ovaries

  30. VOCABULARY – page 268 • Placenta – vascular organ that develops in the uterine wall during pregnancy. It serves as a communication between maternal and fetal bloodstreams

  31. Placenta

  32. VOCABULARY – page 268 • Pregnancy- condition of a female having a developing embryo and fetus in her uterus for 38 – 40 weeks • Progesterone – hormone produced by the corpus luteum in the ovary and placenta of pregnant women

  33. VOCABULARY – page 268 • Uterus – female organ in which the embryo and fetus develop and from which menstruation occurs. • Zygote- prenatal stage of development from fertilizaton and implantation to 2 weeks.

  34. QUICK QUIZ: 4. Which term refers to the inner, mucous membrane lining of the uterus? A. Endometrium B. Fallopian tube C. Chorion D. Amnion

  35. TERMINOLOGY: COMBINING FORMS, SUFFIXES, AND PREFIXES COMBINING FORMS – page 268 • amni/o amnion • cervic/o cervix, neck • chori/o chorion • chorion/o chorion Combining Form Meaning

  36. TERMINOLOGY: COMBINING FORMS, SUFFIXES, AND PREFIXES COMBINING FORMS • culd/o cul-de-sac • episi/o vulva • galact/o milk • gynec/o woman, female • hyster/o uterus, womb Combining Form Meaning

  37. TERMINOLOGY: COMBINING FORMS, SUFFIXES, AND PREFIXES COMBINING FORMS • lact/o milk • mamm/o breast • mast/o breast • men/o menses, menstruation • metr/o uterus Combining Form Meaning

  38. TERMINOLOGY: COMBINING FORMS, SUFFIXES, AND PREFIXES COMBINING FORMS • my/o muscle • myom/o muscle tumor • nat/i birth • obstetr/o midwife • o/o egg Combining Form Meaning

  39. TERMINOLOGY: COMBINING FORMS, SUFFIXES, AND PREFIXES COMBINING FORMS • oophor/o ovary • ov/o egg • ovari/o ovary • ovul/o egg • perine/o perineum Combining Form Meaning

  40. TERMINOLOGY: COMBINING FORMS, SUFFIXES, AND PREFIXES COMBINING FORMS • phor/o to bear • salping/o fallopian tubes • uter/o uterus Combining Form Meaning

  41. TERMINOLOGY: COMBINING FORMS, SUFFIXES, AND PREFIXES SUFFIXES – page 272 • -cyesis pregnancy • Pseudcyesis • -gravida pregnancy • Primigravida • -parous to bear, bring forth • primiparous Suffix Meaning

  42. TERMINOLOGY: COMBINING FORMS, SUFFIXES, AND PREFIXES SUFFIXES • -rrhea discharge • -salpinx uterine tube • -tocia labor, birth • dystocia • -version act of turning • Cephalic version • presentation Suffix Meaning

  43. TERMINOLOGY: COMBINING FORMS, SUFFIXES, AND PREFIXES PREFIXES – page 266 • dys- painful • endo- within • in- in • intra- within (intrauterine) • multi- many (multipara) Suffix Meaning

  44. TERMINOLOGY: COMBINING FORMS, SUFFIXES, AND PREFIXES PREFIXES – page 267 • pre- before (prenatal) • primi- first (primipara) Suffix Meaning

  45. QUICK QUIZ: 5. Which term means removal of the breast? A. hysterectomy B. mastectomy C. mastitis D. Mammoplasty What do the other terms mean?

  46. PATHOLOGY: Uterus • Carcinoma of the cervix • Malignant cells within the cervix • Cervicitis • Inflammation of the cervix • Carcinoma of the endometrium • Malignant tumor of the uterus • Endometriosis • Endometrial tissue located outside the uterus

  47. PATHOLOGY: Uterus • Fibroids • Benign tumors of the uterus • Figure shows location of uterine fibroids.

  48. Pathology: Gynecological and Breast • Breast • Carcinoma of the breast • Fibrocystic disease

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