Transportation Planning and Design in Practice

1. Transportation Planning and Design in Practice Presented by Dr. Adiele Nwankwo, Ph.D Senior Vice-President, Parsons Brinckerhoff at the Developing Sustainable Transportation Systems US/Africa Workshop August 26 – 27, 2009 Naura Springs Hotel Arusha, Tanzania

2. “Current Transport Inefficiencies Create High Transportation Costs” Transportation costs in Africa are among the highest in the World. In many African Countries, transportation costs represent 33 to 52 percent of the value of exports

3. Major Cities in Developing Countries Experience Significant Congestion Problems

4. Traffic Accidents Lead to Tremendous Loss of Lives

5. Transportation Investment Transportation Investment Creates Capacity, Efficiency and Reliability Presents Opportunities for Business Expansion Reduces Transportation Costs Reduces Transit Times Increases Productivity Higher Competitiveness

6. Modes of Coordinated Transportation System • Roadways • Transit • Airways • Seaports • Motorcycle/Bike Paths • Etc.

7. Rivers and Canals • The first stage of the industrial revolution was linked to the development of canal systems in Western Europe and North America to transport heavy goods. • This permitted the development of rudimentary and constrained inland distribution systems.

8. Seaports • Linked with the early stages of European expansion from the 16th to the 18th centuries. • Ports supported the development of international trade through colonial empires, but were constrained by limited inland access

9. Railways • The second stage of industrial revolution in the 19th century was intimately linked to the development and implementation of rail systems • Allowed a more flexible inland transportation system.

10. Roadways • The 20th century saw the development of road transportation systems and automobile manufacturing. • Individual transportation became a commodity available to the masses, especially after the Second World War. • This process was reinforced by the development of highway systems.

11. Airways • The later part of the 20th century saw the development of global air networks • Fueled by Globalization of economic activities. • Electronic communications supported transport functions, especially in realm of logistics and supply chain management.

12. Transit Sub-Modes • Personalized Transit Systems • Bus Transit • Bus Rapid Transit • Streetcars • Fixed Guideway Vehicles • Light Rail System • Heavy Rail • Commuter Rail

13. Personalized Transit System/Transit On Demand

14. Bus Transit

15. Bus Rapid Transit • Premium transit using rubber tire vehicles • Dedicated running way • Fewer stops than local bus • Distinct stations, vehicles, and systems • Allows flexibility to operate multiple routes LAMATA BRT Buses – Ojota Depot LAMATA Bus Shelter – Ilupeju

16. Street Car or Light Rail Vehicle: An electrically propelled rail vehicle operated singly or in trains on shared, semi exclusive, or exclusive right-of-way Streetcar or Light Rail Transit

17. Automated guideway small and medium-sized vehicles that operate fully automatically on guideways with exclusive rights-of-way Typically on a loop or as a shuttle within central business districts, airports or other high activity centers Fixed Guideway Vehicles

18. Modern version of traditional streetcars May operate alongside auto, rail traffic Reduces costs Increases travel time Stations 1∕3-1½ miles apart Light Rail Transit

19. Heavy Rail • The term heavy rail is often used for regular rail, to distinguish from systems such as light rail, monorail, Street car etc. • Heavy rail typically refers to the standard inter-city rail network, which is built to be robust enough for heavy and high-speed trains, including freight trains, and long distance passenger trains.

20. Similar to passenger railroad service Existing railroads with improvements Sidings Additional tracks Long-distance commuting Stations 1½ -5 miles apart Commuter Rail Transit

21. Functional Classification of Roads Figure II-1 Channelization of Trips http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/planning/fcsec2_1.htm

22. Functional Classification of Roads Figure II-2 Schematic Illustration of a Functionally Classified Rural Highway Network

23. Functional Classification of Roads Figure II-3 Schematic of a Portion of an Urban Street Network

24. Functional Classification of Roads Figure II-4

25. Functional Classification of Roads Table II-1 -- The Hierarchy of functional systems

26. Steps to Transforming East Africa Community Economies • Develop Comprehensive Transportation Plan • Employ Appropriate Technology to Manage Infrastructure development and Maintenance • Seek Innovative Funding Strategies • Encourage Public-Private Partnerships

27. Thank You Questions?