Ancient Egypt Dynasties & Pharaohs

1. Ancient Egypt Dynasties & Pharaohs 1

2. The whole civilization of Ancient Egypt lasted from about 3100 B.C. to about 525 B.C. or just over 2500 years. If you include the time during which the Egyptians were under the control of the Persians, Greeks, and Romans but were still basically following their own culture, then it is over 3000 years. During that time, there were at least 20 different dynasties with many different rulers. Historians divide the long history into different periods. 2

3. Periods of Ancient Egyptian History Pre-dynastic Egypt (4000 B.C. – 3100 B.C.) Old Kingdom (3100 B.C. – 2600 B.C.) First Intermediate Period (2600 B.C. – 2000 B.C.) Middle Kingdom (2000 B.C. – 1786 B.C.) Second Intermediate Period (1786 B.C. – 1539 B.C.) New Kingdom (1539 B.C. – 1085 B.C.) Third Intermediate Period (1085 B.C. – 525 B.C.) Persian Rule (525 B.C. – 332 B.C.) Greek Rule (332 B.C. – 50 B.C.) Roman Rule (50 B.C. to 700 A.D.) Islamic Rule (700 A.D. – 1500 A.D.) 3

4. Lower Egypt crownUpper Egypt crown Old Kingdom Upper Egypt and Lower Egypt were once separate kingdoms and the kings or pharaohs wore two different crowns. 4

5. King Menes / Pharoah Narma • United Upper and Lower Egypt into ONE kingdom • Established the first capital of Egypt in Memphis. 5

6. Sobek - the Crocodile God Worshiped at the first capital of Egypt, named Memphis or sometimes called Crocodilopolis 6

7. Pharaoh Djoser • Pharaoh Djoser had his architect, Imhotep build a great burial tomb which started out as a mastaba, or tomb, but became the Step Pyramid. 8

8. Pharaoh Djoser 9

9. Imhotep - Pyramid Designer / Engineer 10

10. Mastabas 11

11. Step Pyramid of Djoser 12

12. Step Pyramid of Djoser 13

13. Pharaoh Sneferu Developed the building of Egyptian pyramids through practice. • Built the pyramid at Meidum • Built the Bent Pyramid • Built the Red Pyramid where he was buried. 14

14. Sneferu’s Pyramid at Meidum 15

15. Sneferu’s Bent Pyramid 16

16. Sneferu’s Red Pyramid 17

17. Pharaoh Khufu / Cheops • Son of Pharaoh Sneferu • Built the Great Pyramid on the Plateau of Giza. • Largest of the Pyramids of Ancient Egypt 18

18. Khufu’s Pyramid - The Great Pyramid 19

19. Look at the size of the pyramid blocks... 20

20. Khufu’s “Solar” Boat 21

21. Pharaoh Khafre / Chephren • Son of Khufu • Built 2nd largest pyramid on Giza Plateau • Built many statues including the Sphinx 23

22. Khafre’s Pyramid 24

23. Khafre’s Pyramid 25

24. Khafre’s Sphinx 26

25. Khafre’s Sphinx 27

26. Khafre’s Sphinx 28

27. Pharaoh Menkaure • Son of Khafre • Built smallest pyramid on Plateau of Giza 29

28. Menkaure’s Pyramid 30

29. Menkaure’s Pyramid 31

30. Periods of Ancient Egyptian History Pre-dynastic Egypt (4000 B.C. – 3100 B.C.) Old Kingdom (3100 B.C. – 2600 B.C.) First Intermediate Period (2600 B.C. – 2000 B.C.) Middle Kingdom (2000 B.C. – 1786 B.C.) Second Intermediate Period (1786 B.C. – 1539 B.C.) New Kingdom (1539 B.C. – 1085 B.C.) Third Intermediate Period (1085 B.C. – 525 B.C.) Persian Rule (525 B.C. – 332 B.C.) Greek Rule (332 B.C. – 50 B.C.) Roman Rule (50 B.C. to 700 A.D.) Islamic Rule (700 A.D. – 1500 A.D.) 32

31. Queen / Pharaoh Hatshepsut • Wife of Thutmose II • When Thutmose II died, his son Thutmose III was too young to rule, so Hatshepsut took the throne. • Hatshepsut transformed herself from a queen to a Pharaoh. 33

32. Queen Hatshepsut’s Mummy Queen Hatshepsut’s mummy was found buried in her temple in a tomb in the Valley of the Kings. 34

33. Queen Hatshepsut’s Temple Queen Hatshepsut had this temple built as a tomb for both her and her husband Thutmose II. It is located in an area called the Valley of the Kings where many other pharaohs are also buried. 35

34. Queen Nefertiti • Wife of Pharaoh Akhenaten • Considered the “ideal” beauty in Egyptian society. • May have been even more famous than her husband, the pharaoh. 37

35. Queen Nefertiti 38

36. Tutankhamen / King Tut • Known as the “boy king” because ruled and died at such a young age (maybe 18 or 19 years old). • His tomb was untouched when found by Egyptologists in 1922. • Famous for the amazing treasures found in his tomb. • “The Curse of King Tut” 40

37. Curse of King Tut • Video

38. King Tut Burial Mask Found in King Tut’s Tomb with his mummy 41

39. The Valley of the Kings 42

40. King Tut’s Sarcophagus A collection of the items found in King Tut’s tomb can be seen in a museum in Cairo, Egypt. 43

41. King Tut’s Sarcophagus 44

42. King Tut’s Mummy 44

43. King Tut’s Mummy 46

44. King Tut’s face recreated by a computer from his mummy This is what Egyptologists think King Tut may have looked like, based on a computer reconstruction made from his mummy 47

45. Pharaoh Ramses II • A strong military leader. • Participated in the first written treaty with the Hittites. • Had many wives and more than 100 children. • Ruled over Egypt for 67 years… Pharaoh for longest period. 49

46. Pharaoh Ramses II Temple/Tomb 50

47. Pharaoh Ramses II Statues 51

48. Pharaoh Ramses II mummy 53

49. Periods of Ancient Egyptian History Pre-dynastic Egypt (4000 B.C. – 3100 B.C.) Old Kingdom (3100 B.C. – 2600 B.C.) First Intermediate Period (2600 B.C. – 2000 B.C.) Middle Kingdom (2000 B.C. – 1786 B.C.) Second Intermediate Period (1786 B.C. – 1539 B.C.) New Kingdom (1539 B.C. – 1085 B.C.) Third Intermediate Period (1085 B.C. – 525 B.C.) Persian Rule (525 B.C. – 332 B.C.) Greek Rule (332 B.C. – 50 B.C.) Roman Rule (50 B.C. to 700 A.D.) Islamic Rule (700 A.D. – 1500 A.D.) 54

50. Cleopatra • Seen as the last true Egyptian Queen before Egypt was taken over byforeign invaders. 55