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Surface Skin/Air Temperature and LW Flux Calculation

Surface Skin/Air Temperature and LW Flux Calculation. Y-C. Zhang and W.B. Rossow LandFlux Conference CNES/CESBIO, Toulouse, France May 28 – 31, 2007. OUTLINE. I. Datasets Used II. SRF Skin Temperature (Ts) Comparison: FD vs ERA15, GEOS-1, NCEP and 3I

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Surface Skin/Air Temperature and LW Flux Calculation

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  1. Surface Skin/Air Temperature and LW Flux Calculation Y-C. Zhang and W.B. Rossow LandFlux Conference CNES/CESBIO, Toulouse, France May 28 – 31, 2007

  2. OUTLINE I. Datasets Used II. SRF Skin Temperature (Ts) Comparison: FD vs ERA15, GEOS-1, NCEP and 3I III. SRF Air Temperature (Ta) Comparison: FD vs ERA15, GEOS-1, NCEP and 3I, and SOBS IV. (Ts –Ta) Comparison: FD vs ERA15,GEOS-1, NCEP and 3I V. SRF LW Comparison: FD vs CERES VI. SRF LW and Ta Comparison: FD vs SOB VII. SRF LW Comparison: FD vs SRB VIII. Uncertainties of Ts, Ta and Others and their Caused Global, Daily-Mean LW Uncertainties

  3. I. Datasets Used 1. FDTV (TV) = ISCCP D1 W/ TOVS and FD Flux Product ► Original Temperature and Humidity Profile From TOVS Ts = Skin Temperature is retrieved from ISCCP production Ta = SRF air temperature is interpolated from TOVS profile • Both land Ta and Ts are diurnal-adjusted using SOBS/NCEP Climatology ► Features: • Spatial Resolution: Horizontal: 280 km equal area Vertical: up to 9 layers from SRF  10 hPa • Temporal resolution: 3-hourly and its monthly hourly/monthly mean • Spatial coverage: global • Temporal Coverage: 1983 – 2004 ( 2006 SOON) ►ISCCP-FD is a self-consistent and physically-integrated, SRF-to-TOA profile flux product, including all up & down, SW (diffuse/direct and VIS/NIR) and LW for full, clear and overcast sky, calculated using the NASA GISS radiative model with input datasets mainly from ISCCP-D1

  4. ... I. Datasets Used 2. ER = ERA-15 Reanalysis Product from ECMWF ► Temperature and Humidity Profile and Ts/Ta Used Ta is interpolated from profile ► Features: • Spatial resolution: Horizontal: 2.5 ° X 2.5° (Averaged to 280 km equal area) Vertical: 17 Levels from 1000  10 hPa • Temporal resolution: 6-hour monthly hourly, daily & monthly mean • Spatial coverage: global • Temporal Coverage: 1979 – 1993

  5. ... I. Datasets Used 3. GE = GEOS-1 Reanalysis Product from NASA ► Temperature and Humidity Profile and Ts Used Ta is interpolated from profile ► Features: • Spatial Resolution: Horizontal: 2.5 ° X 2.0° (Averaged to 280 km equal area) Vertical: 18 levels from 1000  20 hPa • Temporal resolution: 6-hour monthly hourly, daily & monthly mean • Spatial coverage: global • Temporal Coverage: 1980 – 1995

  6. ... I. Datasets Used 4. NC = NCEP Reanalysis Product (version 1) ► Temperature and Humidity Profile and Ts/Ta Used Ta is interpolated from profile ► Features: • Spatial resolution: Horizontal: 2.5 ° X 2.0° (Averaged to 280 km equal area) Vertical: 8 levels from 925  100 hPa • Temporal resolution: daily & monthly mean • Spatial coverage: global • Temporal Coverage: 1948 – 1998

  7. ... I. Datasets Used 5. 3I = Product based on Improved Initialization Inversion from LMD ► Temperature and Humidity Profile and Ts Ta is interpolated from profile ► Features: • Spatial resolution: Horizontal: 1 ° X 1° (Averaged to 280 km equal area) Vertical: 9 layers from SRF  15 hPa • Temporal resolution: Am & PM daily, 5-day & monthly mean • Spatial coverage: global • Temporal Coverage: 1988 – 1997

  8. ... I. Datasets Used 6. SOBS = Extended Editorial Synoptic Cloud Reports Archive ► Station-based Surface Air Temperature and Humidity, and clouds, etc. ► Features: • Temporal resolution: 3-hourly & monthly mean • Spatial coverage: about 6400 stations over globe • Temporal Coverage: 1971 – 1996 for Land

  9. ... I. Datasets Used 7. CERES Flux Product ► Version: SRBAVG Ed. 2 Rv. 1 from GEWEX-RFA website ► Satellite: TERRA FM1 or FM2, XTRK and GEO-interpolated ► SRF (and TOA) up & down, SW and LW for all and clear sky • Spatial resolution: horizontal: 2.5° X 2.5° • Temporal resolution: monthly mean (based on original 3-hourly CERES) • Spatial coverage: global • Temporal coverage: March 2000 → ► Radiative Model for SRF fluxes: Model B: LPSA/LPLA (Langley Parameterized SW/LW Algorithm) based on the relationships with TOA fluxes and atmospheric data

  10. ... I. Datasets Used 8. GEWEX-SRB Flux Product ► Version: SW Rel 2.5 and LW Rel 2.6 (from Paul Stackhouse) ► SRF (and TOA) up & down, SW and LW for all- and clear sky • Spatial resolution: 1° X 1° (Averaged to 280 km equal area) • Temporal resolution: 3-houly (UTC = 0, 3, … 21) • Spatial coverage: global • Temporal coverage: July 1983 → Dec. 2004 ► Radiative Model: SW (0.2 – 4.0 μm) from Pinker/Laszlo (quality check by Staylor Model) LW (4.5 – ∞ μm) from Fu/Liou, (quality check by Gupta Model)

  11. ... I. Datasets Used 9. SOB = Surface Station Observed Flux Product containing some meteorological parameters ► Based on 15 selected stations of BSRN, ARM and SURFRAD networks obtained from GEWEX-RFA (Processed by Chuck Long) ► Ta is supplied (but not Ts) ► SRF down and up, SW (diffuse and direct) and LW and their inferred clear-sky fluxes, etc. • Temporal resolution: 15-minute (averaged from original 1-3 min) (Averaged to 8 Local Solar time or daily/monthly mean) • Temporal coverage: 2004 for 15-min daily 1992-2004 for monthly-mean 15-min ► Processing method: “Next Generation Flux Analysis” (NGFA) method

  12. II. SRF Ts Comparison: FD vs ER, GE, NC and 3IGlobal mean difference (STDV); ABS Mean is from column modulus mean

  13. …II. SRF Ts Comparison: FD vs ER, GE, NC and 3I Zonal-mean difference of monthly means with TV for Land and July

  14. …II. SRF Ts Comparison: FD vs ER, GE, NC and 3I Zonal-mean difference of monthly means with TV for Land and January

  15. …II. SRF Ts Comparison: FD vs ER, GE, NC and 3I Seasonal Cycle of monthly means: N. Hemispheric Land

  16. …II. SRF Ts Comparison: FD vs ER, GE, NC and 3I Seasonal Cycle of monthly means: S. Hemispheric Land

  17. …II. SRF Ts Comparison: FD, ER and GE Diurnal Cycle of monthly-hourly means: N. Hemisphere for Land and July

  18. …II. SRF Ts Comparison: FD, ER and GE Diurnal Cycle of monthly-hourly means: N. Hemisphere for Land and January

  19. …II. SRF Ts Comparison: FD, ER and GE Diurnal Cycle of monthly-hourly means: 25° N – 65° N mean for Land and July

  20. …II. SRF Ts Comparison: FD, ER and GE Diurnal Cycle of monthly-hourly means: 25° N – 65° N mean for Land/January

  21. III. SRF Ta Comparison: FD vs ER, GE, NC and 3IGlobal mean difference and its STDV; ABS Mean is from column modulus mean

  22. …III. SRF Ta Comparison: FD vs ER, GE, NC and 3I Zonal-mean difference of monthly means with TV for Land and July

  23. …III. SRF Ta Comparison: FD vs ER, GE, NC and 3I Zonal-mean difference of monthly means with TV for Land and January

  24. …III. SRF Ta Comparison: FD vs ER, GE, NC and 3I Seasonal Cycle of monthly means: N. Hemispheric Land

  25. …III. SRF Ta Comparison: FD vs ER, GE, NC and 3I Seasonal Cycle of monthly means: S. Hemispheric Land

  26. …III. SRF Ta Comparison: FD, ER and GE Diurnal Cycle of monthly-hourly means: N. Hemisphere for Land and July

  27. …III. SRF Ta Comparison: FD, ER and GE Diurnal Cycle of monthly-hourly means: N. Hemisphere for Land and January

  28. …III. SRF Ta Comparison: FD, ER and GE Diurnal Cycle of monthly-hourly means: 25° N – 65° mean for Land and July

  29. …III. SRF Ta Comparison: FD, ER and GE Diurnal Cycle of monthly-hourly means: 25° N – 65°mean for Land/January

  30. …III. SRF Ta Comparison: FD vs SOBSDiurnal Cycle of monthly-hourly means: 25 N – 65 N mean for Land and January 88º – 54º S FDTV underestimate inversion strength in Winter

  31. …III. SRF Ta Comparison: FD vs SOBSCentral USA Diurnal Cycle for July 1992

  32. …III. SRF Ta Comparison: FD vs SOBSCentral Asia Diurnal Cycle for July 1992

  33. …III. SRF Ta Comparison: FD vs SOBSBrazil Diurnal Cycle for July 1992

  34. IV. SRF (Ts – Ta) Comparison: FD vs ER, GE, NC and 3IZonal-mean difference of monthly means with TV for Land and July

  35. …IV. SRF (Ts – Ta) Comparison: FD vs ER, GE, NC and 3IZonal-mean difference of monthly means with TV for Land and January

  36. …IV. SRF (Ts – Ta) Comparison: FD vs ER, GEDiurnal Cycle for Global Land for July 1992

  37. …IV. SRF (Ts – Ta) Comparison: FD vs ER, GEDiurnal Cycle for 25º N – 65º N Land for July 1992

  38. V. SRF LW Comparison: FD vs. CERESAveraged from 36-month (0003 to 0302) Global, monthly-mean statistics; LW in W/m2; Cor… are without unit

  39. … V. SRF LW Comparison: FD vs. CERESAveraged from 36-month (0003 to 0302) Land, monthly-mean statistics; LW in W/m2; Cor… are without unit

  40. Annual-mean Difference between FD and CERESClear-sky SRF LW-dw (W/m2) for Land

  41. Annual-mean Difference between FD and CERESClear-sky SRF LW-up (W/m2) for Land

  42. Annual-mean Difference between FD and CERESClear-sky SRF LW-Net (W/m2) for Land

  43. Annual-mean Difference between FD and CERESFull-sky SRF LW-dw (W/m2) for Land

  44. Annual-mean Difference between FD and CERESFull-sky SRF LW-up (W/m2) for Land

  45. Annual-mean Difference between FD and CERESFull-sky SRF LW-Net (W/m2) for Land

  46. Annual-mean Difference between FD and CERESCloud Effects of SRF LW (net) (W/m2) for Land

  47. VI. SRF LW and Ta Comparison: FD vs SOB 15 BEST Stations Selected from BSRN, ARM and SURFRAD networks

  48. …VI. SRF LW and Ta Comparison: FD vs SOBStatistics for all 2004 Local solar Noon of 3-hr mean from 15 Best StationsFlux in W/m2 and Temperature in K Note: For all the available monthly means from all the stations, FD and BSRN have about 2 w/m2 bias (high) with STDV < 20 w/m2.

  49. Clear-sky SRF LW-dw (W/m2) Comparison: FD vs. SOBfor all 2004 Local solar Noon of 3-hr mean from 15 Best Stations

  50. Clear-sky SRF LW-up (W/m2) Comparison: FD vs. SOBfor all 2004 Local solar Noon of 3-hr mean from 15 Best Stations

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