THE ROAD TO REVOLUTION

1. THE ROAD TO REVOLUTION 1763 TO 1775 A CLASH OF NEW ATTITUDES

2. THE CAUSES OF THE REVOLUTION A NEW AMERICAN ATTITUDE SELF ASSURED WANTED MORE SELF CONTROL. DID NOT WANT TO BE SUBORDINATE

3. A NEW BRITISH ATTITUDE WANTED TO TIGHTEN CONTROL OF THE COLONIES. MAKE THE COLONIES PAY ONE THIRD THE COST OF THEIR DEFENSE.

4. BRITISH POLITICS THE RISE OF KING GEORGE III 1760 THE END OF SALUTARY NEGLECT.

5. Who is King George III? • Extremely stubborn • His government was filled with men who were… • Inexperience • Inward-looking • Narrow – minded • Wanted to control the colonies • 50 years of Whig power was about to give way to a conservative government dominated by the King.

6. Navigation Laws • Purpose: enforce the mercantilist system • Motive: First enacted in 1651; aimed at rival Dutch shippers who were active in the American trade. • Basic provisions passed in 17th and 18th centuries: • Restricted commerce to and from the colonies to English or American vessels. • Certain "enumerated" articles (tobacco) couldn’t be shipped to any other foreign market except England • All European goods going to America had to go through England first. • Certain restrictions on colonial manufactures for export: British did not want manufacturing competition with the Colonies. • Molasses Act (1733)

7. Positive Impact • Until 1763, it did not adversely impact the colonial economy. • Colonials had rights of Englishmen and opportunities for self-government • Colonies had British military protection • Colonies greatly profited from manufacturing and trading.

8. Negative Impact • Colonial manufacturing was hindered by British policies. • Southern colonies suffered as export prices dropped • New England resented favorable British policies toward Southern colonies (who produced tobacco, sugar and rice).

9. THE USE IF WRITS OF ASSISTANCE Search warrants by British customs officers harassed colonial shipping. Aimed to reduce colonial smuggling JAMES OTIS PROTESTS THEIR USE AS A VIOLATION OF THE RIGHTS OF ENGLISHMEN. Otis’ efforts gained press throughout the colonies. Wrote famous words "no taxation without representation." THE PROCLAMATION OF 1763 NEW COLONIAL POLICY

10. THE GRENVILLE PROGRAM 1763- 1766 THE SUGAR ACT OF 1764 First act ever passed specifically that raised revenue for the crown. Aimed to regulate the illegal triangular trade Reduced taxes on molasses but taxed all molasses Not enforced effectively

11. Continued…. • THE STAMP ACT 1765 THE FIRST DIRECT TAX. • Purpose: Raise revenues to support the new military force in the colonies • Provisions: • Official stamps would serve as proof of payment. • Tax applied to published materials and legal documents e.g., pamphlets, newspapers, diplomas, bills of lading, marriage certificates, death certificates, mortgages, insurance policies, liquor licenses, & playing cards. • Both Sugar Act and Stamp Act provided for trying offenders in admiralty courts where juries were not allowed

12. THE AMERICAN REACTION THE STAMP ACT CONGRESS Brought together 27 delegates from 9 colonies Massachusetts invited colonies who adopted Virginia Resolves to meet. Drew up a statement of their rights and grievances Largely ignored in England; of little consequence in the colonies Significance: Brought together reps from different & rival colonies and set a precedent RESOLUTIONS OF PROTEST TO THE KING

13. Gary Larson, The Far Side Gallery 4. Andrews and McMeel, Kansas City, 1993 p. 73 THE AMERICAN REACTION (cont) • THE SONS OF LIBERTY LEAD BY SAMUEL ADAMS • Violently enforced nonimportation agreements against violators (tarring & feathering was one painful tactic). • NON-IMPORTATION AGREEMENTS.

14. REPEAL OF THE GRENVILLE PROGRAM THE NEW MOLASSES TAX THE DECLARATORY ACT 1766 GRENVILLE IS REMOVED FROM POWER. NEW YORK BUILDS A MONUMENT TO KING GEORGE III

15. THE TOWNSHEND PROGRAM 1767 CHARLES TOWNSHEND TAKES OVER. NO DIRECT TAXES. MAKES PROVISION TO PAY ROYAL GOVERNORS. CUT POWER OF THE PURSE.

16. SUSPENDS THE NEW YORK LEGISLATURE FOR REFUSING TO QUARTER TROOPS. INCREASES USE OF WRITS OF ASSISTANCE. SMUGGLERS TRIED IN ADMIRALTY COURTS MORE:

17. AMERICAN REACTION TO TOWNSHEND DUTIES NEW NON-IMPORTATION AGREEMENT. JOHN DICKENSON’S “LETTERS FROM A FARMER.” Challenged distinction between "internal" and "external" taxes. Denied right to levy taxes for purpose of revenue. Prompted the Massachusetts Circular Letter OPEN VIOLATION OF THE LAW.

18. THE BOSTON MASSACRE, 1770 SON’S OF LIBERTY PROVOKED THE INCIDENT. 5 AMERICAN COLONIALS KILLED. JOHN ADAMS DEFENDS THE SOLDIERS. VIOLENCE INCREASES.

19. LORD NORTH BECOMES PRIME MINISTER TOWNSHEND DUTIES REPEALED EXCEPT FOR SMALL TAX ON TEA. NON-IMPORTATION AGREEMENTS END. AMERICANS BUY SMUGGLED TEA .

20. THE FINAL CRISIS BASIC ISSUES UNRESOLVED. SAM ADAMS ORGANIZES “COMMITTEES OF CORRESPONDENCE.” 1773 EAST INDIA COMPANY MONOPOLY ON TEA TRADE WITH THE COLONIES. PRICE FALLS BELOW SMUGGLED TEA.

21. THE BOSTON TEA PARTY. 1773 SONS OF LIBERTY DUMP $750,000 WORTH OF TEA. BRITISH RESPOND BY PASSING: THE COERCIVE ACT OR INTOLERABLE ACTS 1774 CLOSE BOSTON HARBOR

22. SUSPEND MASS. LEGISLATURE AND TOWN MEETINGS. PASS THE QUARTERING ACT 1774 PARLIAMENT PASSES THE QUEBEC ACT 1774 BRITISH OFFICIALS ACCUSED OF CRIME WILL BE TRIED IN BRITAIN. OTHER BRITISH REACTIONS

23. COLONIAL REACTION CALL THE FIRST CONTINENTAL CONGRESS 1774 DEMAND REPEAL OF THE INTOLERABLE ACTS “SUFFOLK RESOLVES” WHICH DECLARE INTOLERABLE ACTS VOID.

24. MORE… • “DECLARATION OF RIGHTS AND GRIEVANCES” • DEMAND RESPECT FOR RIGHTS.

25. OTHER REACTIONS FORM THE ASSOCIATIONTO ENFORCE A BOYCOTT. ADVISED COLONIAL MILITIAS TO STOCKPILE WEAPONS AND POWDER. CALL FOR “THE SECOND CONTINENTAL CONGRESS” TO MEET IN 1775.