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The Catholic Response to the Protestant Reformation

The Catholic Response to the Protestant Reformation . The Catholic Reformation. Internal Reform Reexamine, revise and/or reaffirm key beliefs New Orders Ursu line Nuns Jesuit Priests Intolerance of heresy External Struggle (vs. advancing Protestants) Counter-reformation

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The Catholic Response to the Protestant Reformation

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  1. The Catholic Response to the Protestant Reformation

  2. The Catholic Reformation • Internal Reform • Reexamine, revise and/or reaffirm key beliefs • New Orders • UrsulineNuns • Jesuit Priests • Intolerance of heresy • External Struggle (vs. advancing Protestants) • Counter-reformation • Political, military implications

  3. Pope Paul III (pontificate 1534-49) • Finally embraces reform; initiates from the papacy • Establishes the Holy Office • Includes Roman Inquisition: six cardinals ultimate judicial power over all Catholics • Calls a General council (18 year-meeting!)

  4. The Council of Trent

  5. Outcome of Trent: The Key Points 1. Scriptures and traditions are the basis of religious truth and authority 2. Reaffirms seven sacraments (Baptism, confirmation, Eucharist, penance or reconciliation, anointing the sick, holy orders, marriage) 3. Disciplines bishops, forbids simony, sale of indulgences, concubines for clerics 4. Calls for a more educated clergy 5. Marriage in public in front of a priest, two witnesses

  6. The Jesuits • Loyola • Founded 1540 • Soldiers of Christ • Humanistic education for all • Missionary emphasis • 1986 film, “The Mission”

  7. Huguenots • French Calvinists (10% or pop) • French Monarchy cozies up to the Pope, King favors Catholicism • Religious Wars 1562-1598 • St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre (1572)

  8. The Edict of Nantes • 1598 • Henry IV “Paris is well worth a mass.” • “freedom of conscience” granted to French Calvinists (Huguenots) • Designated areas where Huguenots could live (not Paris!) • No exemptions from tithes or Catholic Holidays • Revoked in 1685 by Louis XIV

  9. From the Edict of Nantes • “[W]e have permitted and do permit to those of the Reformed Religion, to live and dwell in all the Cities and places of this our Kingdom and Countreys under our obedience, without being inquired after, vexed, molested, or compelled to do any thing in Religion, contrary to their Conscience...”

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