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Absolutism

Absolutism. Important Concepts. Timeline. Absolutism. The Reaction Against Absolutism England. Absolute Rulers. Outline. 1600. 1500. 1525. 1550. 1575. 1625. 1650. 1675. 1700. Timeline of Absolutism. 1600. 1500. 1525. 1550. 1575. 1625. 1650. 1675. 1700.

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Absolutism

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  1. Absolutism

  2. Important Concepts Timeline Absolutism The Reaction Against Absolutism England Absolute Rulers Outline

  3. 1600 1500 1525 1550 1575 1625 1650 1675 1700 Timeline of Absolutism

  4. 1600 1500 1525 1550 1575 1625 1650 1675 1700 Timeline of Absolutism Akbar the Great (India) Louis XIV (France) Peter the Great (Russia) Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain Charles (Spain) Philip II (Spain)

  5. Important Concepts • Monarchy • Divine Right • Absolutism • Machiavelli • Thomas Hobbes

  6. First thing’s first: What is a monarchy? A type of government • Where the ruler inherits power through the family line

  7. Real Life Example? Queen Elizabeth II Prince Charles Prince Harry Prince William

  8. Divine Right • Belief that kings were allowed to rule by God • What was this idea called in China? • Mandate of Heaven!

  9. Bishop Jacques-Benigne Bossuet, 1679 • “Behold an immense people united in a single person; behold this holy power, paternal and absolute… • you see the image of God in the king, and you have the idea of royal majesty. • Kings, exercise your power then boldly, for it is divine and salutary for human kind...”

  10. Absolutism • When monarchs ruled with total power (aka centralized power) • What can an absolute king do? • ABSOLUTELY ANTHING!!!

  11. Can an absolute monarch… Enforce a national dress code? Imprison and kill my enemies without trials? Start my own religion and force everyone to follow it? Spend all of my citizens money on parties?

  12. Machiavelli • Wrote The Prince to guide rulers • Better to be FEARED than LOVED

  13. Thomas Hobbes • Wrote The Leviathan • Life without government is “nasty, brutish, and short” • And “A war of every man against every other man” • Said people need a strong ruler to control them

  14. Famous Absolute Rulers

  15. Sponsored voyages of Columbus Brought land & wealth to Spain, made them powerful Spain

  16. Fought off the Ottoman Empire Kept Europe safe from the Ottomans (Muslims) Spain

  17. Spent Spain’s wealth defending the Catholic Church Spain lost its power and became weaker Spain

  18. Organized the Empire of India Made India a power in Southern Asia India

  19. Built the Palace of Versailles and fought many wars High taxes made poor people even poorer and angry France

  20. Introduced Western culture to Russia Modernized the culture of Russia (westernization) Russia

  21. England

  22. Step 1: Magna Carta • What happened: (1215) Magna Carta written – signed by King John I of England & LIMITED POWER OF ENGLISH KINGS

  23. Result: Parliament was created to make the laws and watch the king Which is like

  24. Step 2: The English Civil War Everybody must be Anglican instead of Roman Catholic That is not fair!

  25. Step 2: The English Civil War I answer only to God! Divine Right! You answer to the people! It’s in the Magna Carta!

  26. What happened: King Charles I, claimed divine right and abolished Parliament I refuse to listen to Parliament! This is WAR!

  27. English Civil War • Who won? Parliament, led by Oliver Cromwell and… vs.

  28. The king was beheaded

  29. Result: The monarchy was replaced by a “commonwealth” (a republic) Led by Cromwell vs.

  30. Step 3: The “Restoration”What Happened: Cromwell became power hungry so…

  31. Result: • Parliament invited Charles II to return as King. The “Merrie Monarch”

  32. Step 4: The Glorious Revolution • What happened: Charles II’s son James was too absolute

  33. What happened: William and Mary of Orange were asked by Parliament to take the throne

  34. Glorious Revolution of 1688 • Called “Glorious” because there was hardly any bloodshed • James II abdicated the throne (fled)

  35. And two rulers were invited to take over, but first… • Result: William and Mary agreed to sign the English Bill of Rights and share power with the Parliament

  36. Today • England has a “Limited Constitutional Monarchy” • Parliament has the real power (not the king/queen)

  37. Essential Question • How did the rule of absolute monarchs in the 16th and 17th centuries reflect the ideas expressed in Machiavelli’s book The Prince and in the writings of Thomas Hobbes? • IN OTHER WORDS: What do absolute rulers and authors Machiavelli & Thomas Hobbes have in common?

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