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ABSOLUTISM

Explore the era of Spanish absolute monarchs, their control over society, and the concept of divine right. Learn about Charles V and Philip II, their influence on Spain's empire, and the defeat of the Spanish Armada. Discover the impact of Spanish power on the arts and European exploration.

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ABSOLUTISM

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  1. ABSOLUTISM • Absolute Monarchs- • Kings/Queens who ruled without limits. • Controlled many aspects of society • Divine Right- • The idea that God created the monarchy and that the monarch was God’s representative on earth. • Answer only to God; not to subjects.

  2. Absolutism • Monarchs…. • Increased the size of their courts, palaces • Created government bureaucracies to control economies • Built huge standing armies

  3. Pages 142-146 Spanish Power Grows I can explain the empire Charles V inherited. I can analyze how Spanish power increased under Phillip II. I can explain how the arts flourished during Spain’s golden age.

  4. The Spanish Habsburgs • The Spanish empire was the strongest in the world by the 1500s. • Why? • Because of the wealth coming in from Spanish colonies • Gold, silver from Mexico, Peru • Spices from Asia

  5. CHARLES V • Grandson of Ferdinand and Isabella • Nephew of Catherine of Aragon • Held 2 titles: • Holy Roman Emperor • King of Spain • Controlled: • All of Spain, its colonies in America, parts of the Netherlands, Austria, Germany and Italy

  6. Charles V Became the King of Spain in 1516. Heir to the Hapsburg Empire in 1519 when his grandfather died.

  7. Hapsburg Empire Included Holy Roman Empire and the Netherlands It was scattered and cumbersome to be ruled effectively. In 1556 Charles V gave up his empire and entered a monastery.

  8. Charles V Fought to suppress Protestantism in the German states. Muslim Ottoman Empire.

  9. Peace of Augsburg (1555) 1556- Retired to a monastery and divided empire between his brother and his son, Philip II.

  10. Why did Charles V divide the Hapsburg Empire?

  11. King Philip II • B. 1527- D. 1598 at age 71 • R. for 42 years (1556-98) • Inherited/controlled • Spain, Spanish Netherlands, and Spain’s American colonies • Palace- El Escorial • Deeply religious; daily Mass

  12. El Escorial

  13. Philip was an absolute monarch, a ruler with complete authority over the government and the lives of the people.

  14. What were the advantages and drawbacks of Philip “keeping and eye on everything?”

  15. Married his 1st cousin once removed (Queen Mary I) in 1554. She died in 1558. Philip and Mary

  16. Philip’s Connection to England • After Mary’s death, Philip proposed to Mary’s half-sister, Elizabeth. • She said no, a major blow to his ego. He wanted revenge. • Spain and England go to war.

  17. Why did Spain consider England an enemy? • Elizabeth supported the Dutch financially & militarily. • English pirates (sea dogs) raided Spanish treasure ships in the Atlantic. • England was Protestant.

  18. Sir Francis Drake

  19. The Armada was supposed to be unbeatable. • 130 ships, 20,000 soldiers • Set sail for England in 1588. • Easily spotted by the English from miles away. • ½ of the ships were destroyed. • App. 13,000 soldiers died.

  20. Reasons for the Armada’s Failure • Mismatched weaponry (hodgepodge) ex: canons, ships (quantity over quality) • Lack of strategy and communication • Bad weather

  21. Significance • The defeat of the armada marked the decline of Spain’s world power. • Huge blow to Spanish resources/pride. • Ended Spain’s dominance on the seas. • Gave French, English, and other Europeans confidence to explore the seas.

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