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Anatomy Tissue Level of Organization

Learn about the five types of tissue in human anatomy: Epithelia, Connective, Membranes, Muscle, and Neural. Discover their characteristics, functions, and classifications. Understand the importance of proper tissue organization and renewal. Explore different types of connective tissue and their cell types, fibers, and ground substances. Gain knowledge of muscle tissue types and neural tissue's role in conducting electrical signals. Learn about injury, inflammation, repair, and the effects of aging on tissues.

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Anatomy Tissue Level of Organization

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  1. AnatomyTissue Level of Organization

  2. FIVE TYPES OF TISSUE • Epithelia • Connective • Membranes • Muscle • Neural

  3. Epithelia characteristics • Always has a free surface • Always attached to a basement membrane • Does NOT contain blood vessels (avascular) Basement membrane

  4. Epithelia Functions • provides physical protection • controls permeability • provides sensation • touch receptors • temperature receptors • pain receptors • pressure receptors • produces specialized secretions (gland cells)

  5. Epithelial surface Cilia – moves materials along a passageway Microvilli – increases surface area for absorption

  6. Basement membrane – layer of cells between epithelial and connective tissue

  7. Classification of Epithelia • By number of layers • Simple – one layer of cells over basement • Stratified- several layers of cells over basement

  8. Classification of Epithelia • By Shape • Squamous, • Cuboidal • columnar

  9. Classification at work: tissue types • Simple Squamous • Simple cuboidal

  10. Classification at work: tissue types • Pseudostratified • Simple Columnar

  11. Classification at work: tissue types • Stratified squamous • transitional

  12. Glandular – epithelial tissue • Produces secretions in endocrine or exocrine glands

  13. Renewal and repair – by stem cells (germ cells) deep in layer

  14. Connective TissuesCharacteristics • Deep tissue • Vascular • Never exposed

  15. Connective TissuesFunctions Bone • Support and protection (bones) • Transport material (fluids: blood and lymph) • Storing energy reserves (fats) • Defending the body (antibodies) Blood Fat tissue Antibody

  16. Connective Tissue-Classification Proper • 3 types of connective tissue • Connective tissue proper – tissue under skin, fatty tissue, tendons and ligaments • Fluid connective tissues (blood and lymph) • Supporting connective tissues (cartilage and bone) Cartilage

  17. Connective tissue proper- cell types Macrophages– eat bad cells and pathogens Fibroblasts most abundant Maintain and produce connective tissue and ground substance Mast Cells – begin body’s defense Adipocytes – fat cells

  18. Fibers found in Connective tissue proper Collagen – long straight and unbranched Elastic – branched and wavy – will stretch and return shape

  19. Fibers found in Connective tissue proper, con’t • Reticular – network, branching and interwoven • Ground substance – fills spaces outside cells • Matrix = ground substance + fibers

  20. Types of connective tissue • Loose connective tissue (areolar) • Adipose tissue – fat tissue • Dense connective tissue

  21. Fluid Connective tissue • Blood • Red blood cells • White blood cells • Platelets (clotting) • Lymph- removes debris Platelets beginning to clot White blood cell surrounding bacteria

  22. Supporting connective tissue • Cartilage • Hyaline – most common (ribs to sternum, etc) • Elastic – more flexible – outer ear, epiglottis, tip of nose • Fibrocartilage – between vertebrae – not much ground substance • Bone BONE

  23. MembranesCombined epithilial and connective tissue • Types • Serous – internal cavities, pleural, pericardium, peritoneum • Types • Mucous – line cavities Serous carcinoma

  24. Membranes, con’tCombined epithilial and connective tissue • Synovial – at joints • Cutaneous- covers surface of body • Synovial – at joints

  25. Muscle Tissue • Types • Skeletal • Cardiac • smooth

  26. Neural Tissue Conducts electricity • Composed of • Neurons - Neuroglia

  27. Injury • Inflammation – swelling, warmth, redness, pain

  28. Repair • Regeneration – repair process

  29. Aging Tissues

  30. Fabulous web pages to practice – These are hyperlinks – you must be in the slide mode to access them! http://www.tvcc.edu/depts/biology/HotPot/A&P/cells_tissues.htm Histology topics use the “quiz mode to practice More Practice EVEN MORE PRACTICE One more – some good reading and picture review I don’t think I included this one above!!

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