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Diseases and Disorders

Diseases and Disorders. Of the Muscular system. Anabolic Steroids. Anabolic steroids are man-made substances related to male sex hormones. Medical uses of anabolic steroids include some hormone problems in men, late puberty and muscle loss from some diseases.

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Diseases and Disorders

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  1. Diseases and Disorders Of the Muscular system

  2. Anabolic Steroids • Anabolic steroids are man-made substances related to male sex hormones. • Medical uses of anabolic steroids include some hormone problems in men, late puberty and muscle loss from some diseases. • Bodybuilders and athletes often use anabolic steroids to build muscles and improve athletic performance. • But using them this way is not legal or safe. Abuse of anabolic steroids has been linked with many health problems.

  3. Side Effects of Steroids • Acne and cysts • Breast growth and shrinking of testicles in men • Voice deepening and growth of body hair in women • Heart problems, including heart attack • Liver disease, including cancer • Aggressive behavior

  4. Gregg Valentino was a successful owner of a gym until his obsession went too far • He injected steroids into his arms until they nearly exploded • He was arrested for drug usage and dealing • Watch his story: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sj3De6s3ZjQ Obsessive Usage/Abuse

  5. Muscular Dystrophy • Muscular dystrophies, or MD, are a group of inherited conditions, which means they are passed down through families. • They may occur in childhood or adulthood. There are many different types of muscular dystrophy. They include: • Becker muscular dystrophy • Duchenne muscular dystrophy • Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy • Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy • Limb-girdle muscular dystrophy • Myotonia congenita • Myotonic dystrophy

  6. Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy • Duchenne muscular dystrophy is caused by a defective gene for dystrophin (a protein in the muscles). • Because of the way the disease is inherited, males are more likely to develop symptoms than are women. • The sons of females who are carriers of the disease (women with a defective gene but no symptoms themselves) each have a 50% chance of having the disease. The daughters each have a 50% chance of being carriers. • Duchenne muscular dystrophy occurs in approximately 1 out of every 3,600 male infants.

  7. Signs and Symptoms • Muscle weakness • Begins in the legs and pelvis, but also occurs less severely in the arms, neck, and other areas of the body • Difficulty with motor skills (running, hopping, jumping) • Frequent falls • Rapidly worsening weakness • Progressive difficulty walking • By age 10, the person may need braces for walking. • By age 12, most patients are confined to a wheelchair.

  8. Cures and Treatment • There is no known cure for Duchenne muscular dystrophy. • Treatment aims to control symptoms to maximize quality of life. Gene therapy may become available in the future. • Activity is encouraged. Inactivity (such as bedrest) can worsen the muscle disease. Physical therapy may be helpful to maintain muscle strength and function. • Orthopedic appliances (such as braces and wheelchairs) may improve mobility and the ability to care for yourself. • Death usually occurs by 25

  9. Bruises • Medically called a contusion • Caused when tiny blood vessels are damaged or broken as the result of a blow to the skin • The raised area of a bump or bruise results from blood leaking from these injured blood vessels into the tissues as well as from the body's response to the injury. • A purplish, flat bruise that occurs when blood leaks out into the top layers of skin is referred to as an ecchymosis. (eck-a-mosis)

  10. Strains vs. sprains Strains Sprains • A strain is a stretching or tearing of muscle or tendon, a fibrous cord of tissue that connects muscles to bones. • Strains often occur in the lower back and in the hamstring muscle in the back of your thigh. • A sprain is a stretching or tearing of ligaments — the tough bands of fibrous tissue that connect one bone to another in your joints. • The most common location for a sprain is in your ankle

  11. Treatment for strains/sprains • Initial treatment for both sprains and strains includes rest, ice, compression and elevation. • Mild sprains and strains can be successfully treated at home. • Severe sprains and strains sometimes require surgery to repair torn ligaments, muscles or tendons

  12. Now it’s your turn • Use the rest of the class to research any disease and/or disorder of the muscular system that you wish. (5 required) • You will need to complete the following chart for each of the diseases • Name/Cause • Signs and Symptoms • Treatment and Cures • Website used for research • DO NOT use Wikipedia or about.com

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