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Endocrine System Diseases and Disorders

Endocrine System Diseases and Disorders. Gigantism. hyper GH before 25 extreme skeletal size. Acromegaly. hyper GH during adulthood gradual enlargement or elongation of facial bones and extremities. Pituitary Dwarfism. Hypo GH before 25 aka proportional dwarfism

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Endocrine System Diseases and Disorders

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  1. Endocrine System Diseases and Disorders

  2. Gigantism • hyper GH before 25 • extreme skeletal size

  3. Acromegaly • hyper GH during adulthood • gradual enlargement or elongation of facial bones and extremities

  4. Pituitary Dwarfism • Hypo GH before 25 • aka proportional dwarfism • Usually normal mental & sexual functions

  5. Cushing syndrome • hyper glucocorticoids like cortisol • fat deposits on upper back; striated pad of fat on chest and abdomen; “moon” face • may be caused by tumor of Ant. Pit (increased ACTH) • different form may be caused by hyper aldosterone (low K)

  6. Hyperthyroidism • hyper thyroid hormone • nervous, tremor, weight loss, excessive hunger; fatigue; irritability

  7. Graves disease • hyper thyroid hormone • inherited or possibly autoimmune • weight loss, nervousness, increased heart rate, esophthalmos goiter

  8. Hypothyroidism • hypo thyroid hormone • sluggish, weight gain; slowing of body function

  9. Cretinism • hypo thyroid hormone during early development • aka deformed dwarfism • retarded mental development; facial puffiness; lack of muscle coordination

  10. Goiter • lack of iodine in diet • enlargement of thyroid

  11. Winter depression • hyper melatonin • Usually in winter when days are shorter (sunlight inhibits melatonin) • Aka Seasonal affective disorder (SAD) • sadness resulting from exaggerated melatonin effects • expose to high-intensity light

  12. Diabetes insipidus • hypo or insensitivity to ADH • decrease in kidney’s retention of water • excessive urination • excessive thirst

  13. Diabetes Mellitus • “pass through honey” • Insulin allows glucose to transfer into cell • Hypo insulin OR target cell insensitivity to insulin • Hyperglycemia  glycosuria  polyuria  polydipsia • Hyperglycemia  no glucose for energy  polyphagia & use of protein & fat  ketoacidosis

  14. Type I diabetes • hypo insulin due to destruction of B cells in pancreas • Inherited • sudden childhood onset • polydipsia, polyuria, weight loss, fatigue • Daily insulin injections • Aka insulin dependent daibetes mellitus (IDDM)

  15. Type II diabetes • insensitivity to insulin or decreased production • slow adulthood onset; • genetic and environmental factors • polydispia, polyuria, overeating, fatigue • Non-insulin dependent (NIDDM) • Lifestyle change or oral hypoglycemic agents

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