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Learning Theories. Ana Berta Carrejo Project 2. Cognitive Theories. I s a learning theory that attempts to explain human behavior by understanding the thought processes. It emphasize the role of mental processes such as thinking, recalling, and analyzing.
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Learning Theories Ana Berta Carrejo Project 2
Cognitive Theories • Is a learning theory that attempts to explain human behavior by understanding the thought processes. • It emphasize the role of mental processes such as thinking, recalling, and analyzing. • Is the construction of thought processes, including remembering, problem solving, and decision-making, from childhood through adolescence to adulthood.
Behaviorist Theories • Behaviorist theories of learning seek scientific, demonstrate a explanations for simple behaviors. For these reasons, and since humans are considered to resemble machines, behaviorist explanations tend to be somewhat mechanical in nature. • The following are valuable to understand some principles from behaviorist theory: • Repetition • Positive and negative reinforcement • Consistency in the use of reinforcers during the teaching-learning process
Vygotsky and his Social Cognition • According to Vygotsky every function in the child's cultural development appears twice: • First, on the social level which includes their knowledge. • Second, on the individual level which includes the tools of intellectual adaption.
Burrhus Frederic SkinnerMarch 20, 1904-August 18, 1990 B.F. Skinner was one of the most influential American psychologist, who contribute to the development of the behaviorism theory. He received a PhD from Harvard in 1931. His main work concentrated on behavior analysis and the invention of the operant conditioning .
Behaviorists in EducationB.F. Skinner • Operant Conditioning refers to Skinner's idea that any organism operates on it’s environment – that performs actions that change the environment around it for better or for worse. It uses consequences (rewards and punishments) to control the occurrence of behavior.
Ivan PavlovSeptember 14, 1849 – February 27, 1936 Ivan Pavlov was born in a small village in central Russia. After reading Charles Darwin, he found that he was interested in scientific pursuits and went to the University of St. Petersburg. There he received his doctorate in 1879 in chemistry and physiology.
Behaviorists in EducationIvan Pavlov • Classical Conditioning: This was the first type of learning to be discovered in the behaviorists tradition. This type of conditioning links one stimulus that evokes a particular response with a stimulus that does not evoke that response, so that the previously neutral stimulus will evoke the desired response.
Lev VygotskyNovember 17, 1896 – June 11, 1934 • Lev Vygotsky was born in Orsha, a city in the western region of the Russian Empire. He attended Moscow State University, where he graduated with a degree in law in 1917. He studied a range of topics while attending university, including sociology, linguistics, psychology and philosophy. However, his formal work in psychology did not begin until 1924 when he attended the Institute of Psychology in Moscow.
Vygotsky’s Theories • Zone of proximal development is "the distance between the actual developmental level as determined by independent problem solving and the level of potential development as determined through problem solving under adult guidance, or in collaboration with more capable peers. • Sociocultural Theoryalso suggested that human development results from a dynamic interaction between individuals and society. Through this interaction, children learn gradually and continuously from parent and teachers.
Educational Cognitive • Cognitive theory is a learning theory of psychology that attempts to explain human behavior by understanding the thought processes. The assumption is that humans are logical beings that make the choices that make the most sense to them. • The growth and development of a child's intelligence over time is a subject on which countless experts have written. How are your child's thinking skills evolving at a particular age?
Web Sites • Behaviorists in Education. November 17, 1999. Retrieved March 3, 2010, from http://www.rblewis.net/technology/PSY306/behavioristsIPBFS.html. • Fritscher, Lisa. April 15, 2009. About.com:Phobias. Retrieved March 3, 2010, from http://phobias.about.com/od/glossary/g/cognitivethedef.html. • Cognitive Behavior Theory. Retrieved March 3, 2010, from http://www.cognitivebehavior.com/theory/index_p.html. • Funderstanding. 2009. Vygotsky and Social Cognition. Retrieved March 3, 2010, from http://www.funderstanding.com/content/vygotsky-and-social-cognition.
