Chapter 5

1. Chapter 5 Missions and Settlements

2. Section 1First missions are built • 1682- mission of Corpus Christi de la Ysleta- near El Paso • Mostmissionswould be built in East Texas because of the French effort to establish colonies • Built presidios- military outposts

3. A Tejas Mission • San Francisco de los Tejas- established by Father Damian Massanet. • 1690 Father and 100 troops set out for East Texas. First Spanish mission in East Texas

4. Mission Abandoned • Drought ruined crops • Disease • Tejas Indians rejected the missions and the religion of the friars • Spain decided it was too $$ to fund missions • France was not a threat but… • Missions flourished along Rio Grande Valley • Mission San Juan Bautista • 3 missions • Presidio • Town • Base form many expeditions

5. Threat from France..again.. • French were not interested in taking the land from the Indians or converting them • Wanted to trade • Blankets, guns wine and furs and skins • Indians wanted to trade with Spanish but law prevented it • Father Hidalgo wrote a letter to the French asking them to establish a mission among the Tejas

6. France • France sent St. Denis to negotiate with the Spanish • He was arrested and taken to Mexico City • Spain decided to set up missions in East Texas to protect claims

7. Section 2Spanish Settlements • 1716 St. Denis and Angelina brought settlers to the site of San Francisco de los Tejas • First time Spanish families came to live in East Texas • 6 missions will be established within a year

8. San Antonio is founded • Settlement must be established half way to the East Texas missions • San Antonio de Bexar built 1718 • Located on the San Antonio River under leadership of Martin de Alarcon • Mission San Antonio de Valero on the other side of the river- which contained the Alamo

9. Aguayo defends the missions • France and Spain at war • Mission building in East Texas halted • French took over mission in Nacogdoches • Marques de San Miguel de Aguayo sent to defend the missions • Took more than 500 people to Texas and reestablished the abandoned missions

10. Aguayo Founds 2 Cities • Near a French outpost Aguayo will build Nuestra Senora del Pilar de los Adaes – a presidio • 100 soldiers and their families • Became the unofficial capital for 50 years • Aguayo also founded La Bahia del Espiritu Santo or La Bahia- near Goliad

11. Uneasy Peace • Again the Spanish government deemed it too expensive to operate all 9 missions in Texas • Reduced presence in East Texas • French continued to trade in East Texas with Indians, irritating Spanish yet remaining peaceful

12. Plains people resent Missions • Indians were not interested in Christianity in East Texas but remained peaceful • Plains Indians resented the intruders • Apaches raided San Antonio • Comanche fought Spanish and captured horses • Central Texas missions were abandoned or moved closer to San Antonio because of raids, disease and crop failure

13. San Saba Mission fails • 1757 Mission Santa Cruz de San Saba est. • Very dangerous… Apache and Comanche roamed the area • Friars abandoned the mission • Plains Indians were never “Christianized”

14. Section 3 Building Communities • Life on the missions were busy centers of activity • Offeredgiftsto Native American’s to get them to settle close by • Indians that accepted mission life were kept busy • Worshipped early • Women wove cloth , molded pottery or cooked

15. Life at missions • Friars were strict • Food was plentiful • Had animals for food, milk, etc • San Antonio and Goliad produced large harvests • Most Indians were reluctant to live at the missions..giving up their livelihood was difficult

16. Soldiers face Hardships • Difficult and dangerous • Maintaining control over Indians • Scouting countryside • Protecting families • Presidios were often in disrepair

17. Important settlements • San Antonio, Goliad and Los Adades were all important settlements • San Antonio was the largest • Had a representative government • Elected a city council or ayuntamiento with an alcalde or chief official • Spain sent settlers to San Antonio • Many are wealthy women in San Antonio

18. Living in Spanish Texas • Farmers, ranchers- both men and women • Fishers, barbers, shopkeepers • Mestizos also lived in Texas- Indian and Spanish descendants • Some slaves - some free Africans • Free Africans also worked as farmers and ranchers • Most were married but some widows and widowers lived here as well

19. Tejano Heritage • Tejanos were shaping Texas heritage • Tejanos were Mexicans who consider Texas their home • Hired teachers • Kept towns sanitary • Culture reflected in food, language, religion and customs

20. Diorama Project • You will chose one of the Texas missions we have discussed and create a diorama, or 2-D image of the settlement. • Your mission must contain landscapes plus the mission and presidio (if it applies)