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Case Discussion: Cell Injury

Case Discussion: Cell Injury. At the end of the Case Discussion, the involved group is requested to submit a report of answers to all the questions asked during the discussion!. What are the causes of Cell Injury?. Case Presentation.

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Case Discussion: Cell Injury

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  1. Case Discussion: Cell Injury At the end of the Case Discussion, the involved group is requested to submit a report of answers to all the questions asked during the discussion!

  2. What are the causes of Cell Injury?

  3. Case Presentation

  4. Yaser is a 21 year old male. He came to the hospital with fever and diarrhea for 5 days. He has abdominal pain, more in the right upper quadrant. The pain is mild to moderate, constant and sometimes increases with respiration. He lost his appetite and was not eating well for the last 5 days. He vomited few times during the last few days. He felt tired and sick and could not go to work. He also mentioned that he has very bad headache.

  5. What is the clinical significance of Fever?How does Fever occur?How does Leukocytosis occur?

  6. Yaser is single and lives with his parents. He works in car rental office. He traveled to India 3 weeks ago in his vacation. • He is otherwise healthy and does not have diabetes or hypertension.

  7. On examination, Yaser is an obese young male. He looks quite sick. His temperature is 39 degree, BP: 120/80, Pulse: 75/min, and RR: 18/min • You noticed yellow discoloration of this skin and eyes. He mentioned that he noticed that as well for the last 2 days.

  8. What is Jaundice?How does it occur?What are the types of Bilirubin in blood?

  9. Examination of chest and heart are normal • His abdomen is obese. He has tenderness in the right upper quadrant. The liver is palpable 3cm below the costal margin. He has normal bowel sounds and no ascites.

  10. CBC: WBC: 14,000/micL, Hg: 15, Plateltes: 6,000/micL • Electrolytes: normal • Liver function test: • Bilirubin: 12 mg/dl • AST: 1240 U/L • ALT: 1650 U/L • Alk Phos: 198 U/L • Albumin: normal • You have made the diagnosis of Hepatitis.

  11. What is Liver Function Test?

  12. What are the causes of Hepatitis?

  13. Serology for viruses showed: • Anti-HAV: positive • HBsAg: negative • Anti-HCV: negative

  14. What are the modes of cell death?What are the types of Necrosis?

  15. This is Hepatitis (inflammation of the liver)What are the types of inflammation?What are the morphological findings in Hepatitis?

  16. What is Fatty change of Liver?How does it occur?

  17. What are the causes of Gastritis?

  18. Case Presentation

  19. Salem is a 54 year old man who has hypertension for the last 25 years and has been on medication with good control of this blood pressure. He also was found to have high cholestrol level. • Salem is a manager in a construction company. He has been so busy lately at work and spend most of this day at work. He smokes cigarettes, one pack a day for the last 30 years. He is married and has 4 healthy sons and one daughter.

  20. Salem was brought to the emergency room by his son because of severe chest pain. He has central severe chest pain. The pain is crushing in nature and constant for the last 45 minutes. He also feels the pain is his left shoulder and left arm. The pain is not related to breathing. However he cannot breath comfortably. He does not have palpitation. He does not have cough. There is no fever.

  21. On examination, Salem is very stressed with this hands on his chest. He can not talk because of the pain. • His temperature is 37. BP: 160/100, Pulse 90/mint, RR: 22/mint. • Heart sound is normal. Chest examination is normal.

  22. CBC shows normal Hg, WBC and platelet count • Electrolytes: normal • Chest X-ray: mild enlargement of the heart (cardiomegally) • ECG shows Elevated ST • LDH, CK, Troponin are high

  23. What is the differential diagnosis?

  24. What is left ventricular hypertrophy?How does it occur?

  25. What are the causes of Myocardial Infarction?

  26. Describe the morphological changes in Myocardial infarction.

  27. What is Reperfusion Injury?

  28. Describe the morphological changes in infarction of:1. Kidney2. Spleen3. Lung

  29. Describe the morphological changes in infarction of the Brain

  30. What are the causes of myocarditis?

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