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Tissues

Tissues. Histology. VI. Types. Epitheleal Connective Muscle Nervous. Epitheleal. Functions: Protection Absorption Filtration Secretion Excretion Diffusion. Epitheleal. Features: Typically avascular: receives nutrition from blood vessels in underlying CT

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Tissues

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  1. Tissues Histology

  2. VI. Types • Epitheleal • Connective • Muscle • Nervous

  3. Epitheleal Functions: • Protection • Absorption • Filtration • Secretion • Excretion • Diffusion

  4. Epitheleal Features: • Typically avascular: receives nutrition from blood vessels in underlying CT • Reproduces and regenerates quickly

  5. C. Examples of epitheleal linings • Blood vessels • Respiratory tract • Internal organs • Skin • Digestive tract • Urinary tract

  6. Epitheleal types Simple (single row) Squamous - flattened cells, good for diffusion and filtration Ex: thin serous membranes Cuboidal – secretory and absorbtive glands and ducts Ex: sweat glands and salivary glands Columnar – secratory - lining of stomach and SI Stratified Squamous – best for areas with friction skin epidermis, esophagus Transitional – great for distension - bladder lining Pseudostratified Columnar (ciliated) propels mucous across surface – respiratory tract

  7. Epitheleal types Simple (single row) Squamous - flattened cells, good for diffusion and filtration Ex: thin serous membranes Ex: Glomerulus in Kidney (filters blood)

  8. Epitheleal types Simple (single row) Cuboidal – secretory and absorbtive glands and ducts Ex: sweat glands and salivary glands Ex: Thyroid follicles (lumen lined with simple squamous epitheleal tissue)

  9. Epitheleal types Simple (single row) Columnar – secratory - lining of stomach and SI Ex: Gall Bladder

  10. A. Epithelial Tissue Stratified squamous best for areas with friction Ex: skin epidermis, esophagus, lips vagina Ex: lips

  11. A. Epithelial Tissue Stratified Transitional great for distension - bladder lining http://www.kumc.edu/instruction/medicine/anatomy/histoweb/epithel/epithel.htm

  12. A. Epithelial Tissue Pseudostratified Columnar (ciliated) propels mucous across surface – respiratory tract http://www.kumc.edu/instruction/medicine/anatomy/histoweb/epithel/epithel.htm Ex: Trachea

  13. Connective Tissue – most abundant and ubiquitous tissue Functions: • Nutrient transport systems • Defense • Clotting • Supportive framework • Protect organs

  14. Connective Tissue – b. Features: typically highly vascularized (exceptions are cartilage and ligaments) • Composed of CT cells scattered in matrix a. Ground substance b. Proteins 1. collagen 2. elastin

  15. Connective Tissue • Five classifications of connective tissue 1. liquid connective tissue 2. bone or osseous tissue 3. cartilaginous tissue 4. loose connective tissue 5. dense connective tissue

  16. B. Connective tissue I. Liquid Connective tissue A. Blood: B. Lymph C. Interstitial

  17. B. Connective tissue 1. Liquid Connective tissue a) Blood: {#14 & #15} Monocytes & RBCs http://www.kumc.edu/instruction/medicine/anatomy/histoweb/blood/blood.htm

  18. B. Connective tissue 1. Liquid Connective tissue a) Blood: {#14 & #15} Neutrophil (yellow) Eosinophil (Red) http://www.kumc.edu/instruction/medicine/anatomy/histoweb/blood/blood.htm

  19. B. Connective Tissue 2. Osseous Connective Tissue/bone a) Bone {#5} After osteoclasts remove old bone, osteoblasts deposit bone in this circular arrangement beginning with the outer ring and working inward. As the osteoblasts become trapped in their own calcified deposits, they are known as osteocytes. Bar = 100 Microns http://www.kumc.edu/instruction/medicine/anatomy/histoweb/bone/bone.htm

  20. Connective Tissue 3 Cartilage/cartilaginous - Avascular: a) Hyaline b) Elastic c) Fibrocartilage

  21. Connective Tissue 3 Cartilage/cartilaginous - Avascular: a) Hyaline {3} homogeneity of the matrix and identify the isogenous groups (red arrows). • http://www.kumc.edu/instruction/medicine/anatomy/histoweb/cart/cart.htm

  22. Connective Tissue • 4. Loose CT • a. Areolar • b. Adipose – insulates and stores energy • c. Reticular – has phagocytes – • ex: spleen, lymph nodes, • blood vessels

  23. Connective Tissue • 4. Loose CT • a. Areolar {#8} The pink fibers of different thicknesses are collagenous (or white) fibers. The dark, thin, more tortuous fibers are elastic (or yellow) fibers. Most of the nuclei belong to fibroblasts. http://www.meddean.luc.edu/lumen/MedEd/Histo/frames/h_frame3.html

  24. Connective Tissue • 4. Loose CT • b. Adipose {Slide 11} Nucleus and rim of cytoplasm pushed to one side by the accumulation of fat. In the center of the picture, in the space bounded by the four large fat cells, there is a small, round cross-cut of a capillary with a dark, shrunken red blood cell inside. http://www.meddean.luc.edu/lumen/MedEd/Histo/frames/h_frame3.html

  25. Connective Tissue • 4. Loose CT • b. Adipose {Slide 14} Adipose tissue as seen in a regular histological section. The pale pink tissue mixed in with it is skeletal muscle. The dark purple = serous glands. There is a small muscular artery in the middle, with a branch going off it to the left. http://www.meddean.luc.edu/lumen/MedEd/Histo/frames/h_frame3.html

  26. Connective Tissue: V. Dense CT A. Dense Regular CT B. Dense Irregular CT C. Elastic

  27. V. Dense CT A. Dense Regular CT Example: Tendon (also ligaments, retinacula, and aponeuroses) Typically the tendon is characterized by fibroblasts in regular, parallel arrangements http://www.kumc.edu/instruction/medicine/anatomy/histoweb/ct/ct.htm

  28. Connective Tissue V. Dense CT B. Dense Irregular CT Ex: deep fascia, deep epidermis, and periosteum http://www.kumc.edu/instruction/medicine/anatomy/histoweb/ct/ct.htm

  29. Muscle Tissue – shortens (contracts) 1. Skeletal 2. Cardiac 3. Smooth = visceral allows for organ movements

  30. Muscle Tissue Properties of muscle tissue: Contractibility Extensibility Elasticity Excitability

  31. Muscle Tissue 1. Skeletal Striated Multinucleated Voluntary http://www.kumc.edu/instruction/medicine/anatomy/histoweb/muscular/muscular.htm

  32. Muscle Tissue 1. Skeletal At higher magnification, the striations become visible. I-bands (isotropic) are light while A-bands (anisotropic) are dark. Bar = 30 Microns http://www.kumc.edu/instruction/medicine/anatomy/histoweb/muscular/muscular.htm

  33. Muscle Tissue 1. Skeletal In cross section, skeletal muscle is identified by peripheral nuclei and large amounts of cytoplasm. Bar = 50 Microns http://www.kumc.edu/instruction/medicine/anatomy/histoweb/muscular/muscular.htm

  34. Muscle Tissue Cardiac involuntary striated Branching (Ys or H shaped cells) intercalated discs (arrow). http://www.kumc.edu/instruction/medicine/anatomy/histoweb/muscular/muscular.htm

  35. Muscle Tissue Cardiac centrally placed round to oblong nuclei, striations, branching, and intercalated discs (arrow). http://www.kumc.edu/instruction/medicine/anatomy/histoweb/muscular/muscular.htm

  36. Muscle Tissue Smooth Look – No striations! Involuntary Visceral Spindle shaped Use little energy http://www.kumc.edu/instruction/medicine/anatomy/histoweb/muscular/muscular.htm

  37. Nervous Tissue Neuron

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