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Tissues

Tissues. Tissue Types. Four major tissue types Epithelial Connective Muscle Nervous. Epithelial Tissue- General Characteristics. Covers organs and the body Line body cavities and hollow organs Have a free surface and a basement membrane Avascular. More General Characteristics.

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Tissues

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  1. Tissues

  2. Tissue Types • Four major tissue types • Epithelial • Connective • Muscle • Nervous

  3. Epithelial Tissue- General Characteristics • Covers organs and the body • Line body cavities and hollow organs • Have a free surface and a basement membrane • Avascular

  4. More General Characteristics • Cells readily divide • Cells tightly packed • Function in protection, secretion, absorption, and excretion • Classified according to cell shape and number of cell layers

  5. Epithelial Tissue: Simple Squamous • Single layer of flat cells • Substances pass easily through • Line air sacs, blood vessels and lymphatic vessels

  6. Simple Squamous

  7. Epithelial Tissue: Simple Cuboidal • Single layer of cube-shaped cells • Line kidney tubules and ducts of some glands • Cover ovaries

  8. Simple Cuboidal

  9. Epithelial Tissue: Simple Columnar • Single layer of elongated cells • Sometimes possess cilia or microvilli • Often have goblet cells • Line uterus, stomach, intestines

  10. Simple Columnar

  11. Epithelial Tissue: Pseudostratified Columnar • Single layer of elongated cells • Appear striated • Often have cilia and goblet cells • Line respiratory passageways

  12. Pseudostratified Columnar

  13. Epithelial Tissue: Stratified Squamous • Many cell layers • Top cells are flat • Can accumulate keratin • Outer layer of skin • Line oral cavity, throat, vagina, and anal canal

  14. Stratified Squamous

  15. Epithelial Tissue: Stratified Cubiodal • 2-3 layers • Cube-shaped cells • Line ducts of mammary glands, sweat glands, salivary glands, and the pancreas

  16. Stratified Cubiodal

  17. Epithelial Tissue: Stratified Columnar • Top layer of elongated cells • Cube-shaped cells in deeper layers • Line vas deferens, male urethra, and part of pharynx

  18. Stratified Columnar

  19. Epithelial Tissue: Transitional • Many cell layers • Cube-shaped and elongated cells • Line urinary bladder, ureters, and part of urethra

  20. Glandular Epithelium • Composed of cells that are specialized to produce and secrete substances • Endocrine glands are ductless • Exocrine glands have ducts

  21. Merocrine glands Fluid product Examples:Salivary glands, Pancreas and Sweat glands Apocrine glands Cellular product Portions of cells Examples: Mammary glands and Ceruminous glands Holocrine glands Secretory products Whole cells Example: Sebaceous glands Types of Glandular Secretions

  22. Types of Glandular Secretions

  23. General Characteristics Most abundant tissue type Have a matrix Have varying degrees of vascularity Have cells that usually divide Connective Tissues

  24. Connective Tissues • Many functions • Bind structures • Provide support and protection • Serve as frameworks • Fill spaces • Store fat • Produce blood cells • Protect against infections • Help repair tissue damage

  25. Fibroblasts Fixed cell Most common cell Large, star-shaped Produce fibers Macrophages Wandering cell Phagocytic Important in defense Mast cells Fixed cell Release heparin and histamine Connective Tissue- Major Cell types

  26. Collagenous Fibers Thick Composed of collagen Great tensile strength Abundant in dense connective tissue Hold structures together Tendons, ligaments Elastic Fibers Bundles of microfibrils embedded in elastin Fibers branch Elastic Vocal cords, air passages Reticular fibers Very thin collagenous fibers Highly branched Form supportive networks Connective Tissue Fiber

  27. Connective Tissues • Connective tissue proper • Loose connective tissue • Adipose tissue • Reticular connective tissue • Dense connective tissue • Elastic connective tissue • Specialized connective tissue • Cartilage • Bone • blood

  28. Connective Tissues:Loose connective tissue • Mainly fibroblasts • Fluid to gel-like matrix • Collagenous fibers • Elastic fibers • Bind skin to structures • Beneath most epithelia • Between muscles

  29. Loose Connective Tissue

  30. Connective Tissue: Adipose tissue • Adipocytes • Cushions • Insulates • Store fats • Beneath skin • Behind eyes • Around kidneys and heart

  31. Adipose Tissue

  32. Connective Tissue:Reticular connective tissue • Composed of reticular fibers • Supports • Walls of liver, spleen, lymphatic organs

  33. Reticular Connective Tissue

  34. Connective Tissue:Dense connective tissue • Packed collagenous fibers • Elastic fibers • Few fibroblasts • Bind body parts together • Tendons, ligaments, dermis • Poor blood supply

  35. Dense Connective Tissue

  36. Connective Tissue:Elastic connective tissue • Abundant in elastic fibers • Some collagenous fibers • Fibroblasts • Attachments between vertebrae • Walls of large arteries, airways, heart

  37. Elastic Connective Tissue

  38. Connective Tissues: Cartilage • Rigid matrix • Chondrocytes in lacunae • Poor blood supply • Three types • Hyaline • Elastic • fibrocartilage

  39. Connective Tissue: Cartilage- Hyaline • Most abundant • Ends of bones • Nose, respiratory passages. • Embryonic skeleton

  40. Cartilage- Hyaline

  41. Connective Tissues: Cartilage- Elastic • Flexible • External ear, larynx

  42. Connective Tissues:Cartilage- Fibrocartilage • Very tough • Shock absorber • Intervertebral discs • Pads of knee and pelvic girdle

  43. Cartilage- Fibrocartilage

  44. Connective Tissue: Bone • Solid matrix • Supports • Protects • Forms blood cells • Attachment for muscles • Skeleton • Osteocytes in lacunae

  45. Bone

  46. Connective Tissue: Blood • Fluid matrix called plasma • Red blood cells • White blood cells • Platelets • Transports • Defends • Clotting • Throughout body in blood vessels • Heart

  47. Blood

  48. Muscle Tissues • General characteristics • Muscle cells are called muscle fibers • Contractile • Three types • Skeletal • Smooth • cardiac

  49. Muscle Tissues:Skeletal muscle tissue • Attached to bones • Striated • Voluntary

  50. Skeletal Muscle Tissue

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