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Protein Synthesis

Learn about the importance of proteins, their composition, and where and how they are synthesized in the body. Discover the role of DNA, mRNA, tRNA, and ribosomes in the process of protein synthesis.

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Protein Synthesis

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  1. Protein Synthesis

  2. Protein Synthesis The synthesis of proteins from amino acids

  3. Review • Why are proteins important? • Some make up part of important structures (like muscles and cell membranes) • Substances like enzymes, antibodies and hormones are made of proteins • Traits like hair and eye color are the results of proteins

  4. Review • What are proteins made of? • Proteins are long chains of amino acids • There are 20 different amino acids

  5. Review • Where are proteins synthesized ? In the ribosomes

  6. The instructions for making proteins (the order of the amino acids in a particular protein) are encoded in the DNA

  7. Terms A gene is a sequence of nucleotides that has the code (instructions) for making a specific protein The average gene is 3000 bases Total number of genes is 30,000 to 35,000

  8. Terms • Codon – a set of three nitrogenous bases that represents an amino acid • Order of nitrogen bases in mRNA that determines the type and order of amino acids in a protein

  9. There are 64 possible codons, but only 20 amino acids to code for

  10. Terms • RNA • Ribonucleic acid • RNA is similar to DNA but is single stranded • RNA contains the sugar ribose (not deoxyribose) • The nitrogen base uracil replaces thymine

  11. Three Types of RNA • Messenger RNA (mRNA) • Is formed in the nucleus • Carries the instructions from the nucleus to the cytoplasm

  12. Three types of RNA • Transfer RNA (tRNA) • Carries amino acids from the cytoplasm to the ribosome where they are synthesized into proteins • Has the anticodon

  13. Three types of RNA • Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) • The ribosome is made of rRNA

  14. Protein Synthesis • Protein production can be compared to production of cars in a factory • In a factory the instructions (blueprints) for making the car will be in the office • Workers will bring instructions to the assembly line • Other workers on the assembly line will put the parts together according to the instructions

  15. Protein Synthesis • During the production of proteins the “blueprints” (instructions) are located in the nucleus, in a code in the DNA • DNA acts as a template for making messenger RNA

  16. Protein Synthesis • mRna picks up the triplet code from the DNA (transcription) • The instructions are then carried to the cytoplasm

  17. A ribosome attaches to the mRNA • The instructions carried by the mRNA are used to assemble the amino acids in the proper order

  18. The aminos acids are brought to the ribosomes by the tRNA molecules to be assembled into a protein (translation) • The order of the amino acids is determined by the code on the mRNA

  19. Protein Synthesis • The tRNA anticodon pairs with the mRNA codon

  20. www.columbia.edu/.../ images/animtransln.gif

  21. http://www.lewport.wnyric.org/jwanamaker/animations/Protein%20Synthesis%20-%20long.htmlhttp://www.lewport.wnyric.org/jwanamaker/animations/Protein%20Synthesis%20-%20long.html • http://www.lew-port.com/10712041113402793/lib/10712041113402793/Animations/Protein%20Synthesis%20%20long.swf

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