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Protein Synthesis

Protein Synthesis. DNA holds the directions for protein synthesis Protein synthesis is the making of proteins A gene carries the code for making one protein. Protein Examples Hemoglobin is a protein in your blood that transports oxygen.

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Protein Synthesis

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  1. Protein Synthesis

  2. DNA holds the directions for protein synthesis Protein synthesis is the making of proteins A gene carries the code for making one protein

  3. Protein Examples Hemoglobin is a protein in your blood that transports oxygen Collagen is a proteins that makes your cartilage and tendons Keratin is a protein that makes up your hair & fingernails Enzymes are proteins Everything in you is made of or by proteins!

  4. Nitrogen Bases Sugars & Phosphates RNA DNA RNA – Ribose Nucleic Acid RNA is like DNA except… - it is single stranded - it has uracil instead of thymine - it has ribose instead of deoxyribose

  5. Protein Synthesis Step 1:Transcription A type of RNA, called mRNA (messenger) goes into the nucleus and copies the DNA mRNA then moves from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. DNA – ATCG mRNA - UAGC http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5MfSYnItYvg

  6. Step 2 Translation mRNA attaches to ribosomes. tRNA (transfer) carries amino acids -- the building blocks of proteins tRNA consists of 3 Nitrogen bases (anticodon) ex. AUG tRNA lines up with 3 bases in mRNA (codon) ex. UAC tRNA anticodon AUG mRNA codon UAC tRNA drops off the amino acid in the correct spot Amino acids lined up make a protein Different orders of amino acids make different proteins

  7. http://www.dnalc.org/view/15501-Translation-RNA-to-protein-3D-animation-with-basic-narration.htmlhttp://www.dnalc.org/view/15501-Translation-RNA-to-protein-3D-animation-with-basic-narration.html

  8. U C A G U Phenylaline Phenylaline Leucine Leucine Serine Serine Serine Serine Tyrosine Tyrosine Stop Stop Cysteine Cysteine Stop Tryptophan U C A G C Leucine Leucine Leucine Leucine Proline Proline Proline Proline Histidine Histidine Glutamine Glutamine Arginine Arginine Arginine Arginine U C A G A Isoleucine Isoleucine Isoleucine Methionine Threonine Threonine Threonine Threonine Asparagine Asparagine Lysine Lysine Serine Serine Arginine Arginine U C A G G Valine Valine Valine Valine Alanine Alanine Alanine Alanine Aspartic acid Aspartic acid Glutamic acid Glutamic acid Glycine Glycine Glycine Glycine U C A G

  9. Mutations Any change in the DNA structure (specifically the order of nitrogen bases) is a mutation. Mutations can be helpful, harmful, or neutral. Helpful – can create diversity in a population Harmful – can cause things like cancer Neutral – can have absolutely no effect at all A mutagen is something that causes mutations in the DNA (for example: smoking, radiation from the sun etc) Slooze Worm

  10. Mutations An insertion mutation is when a nitrogen base is added to the existing DNA A deletion mutation is when a nitrogen base is subtracted from the DNA A substitution mutation is when one nitrogen base is put in place of another. If our DNA was AATTGGCC An insertion would be AATTAGGCC A deletion would be AATGGCC A substitution would be AAATGGCC

  11. Gene Sequencing – Determining the order of nucleotide bases within a gene DNA Fingerprinting – technique used in criminal investigations. DNA Fingerprinting takes the DNA out of a cell and separates it. This will allow investigators to distinguish body cells of different individuals (since they are unlikely to have the same DNA) Cloning – take the DNA out of one of your cells then take the DNA out of a zygote (fertilized egg). Put the DNA from your cell into the zygote.

  12. Animation Genetic engineering is the process of moving genes from the chromosomes of one organism to those of another organism. Recombinant DNA is formed by joining DNA molecules.from two different organisms

  13. What would represent the strand of DNA from which the mRNA strand in the diagram was made? A.CUCAAGUGCUUCB.GAGUUCACGAAG C.GAGTTCACGAAGD.AGACCTGTAGGA What is the amino acid sequence in the portion of the protein molecule coded for by the piece of mRNA shown in the diagram? A. Ser-Tyr-Arg-GlyB.Leu-Lys-Cys-PheC.Val-Asp-Pro-HisD.Pro-Glu-Leu-Val

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