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Ancient China

Ancient China. 9. 4. 11. 10. 1. 6. 5. 2. 3. 7. 20. 8. 13. 12. 14. 15. 19. 16. 17. 18. China’s Geography. Read Chapter 4, Section 1 Answer the questions on the worksheet Record 3 key facts from each section in your notes Physical Settings-Different Regions

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Ancient China

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  1. Ancient China

  2. 9 4 11 10 1 6 5 2 3 7 20 8 13 12 14 15 19 16 17 18

  3. China’s Geography • Read Chapter 4, Section 1 • Answer the questions on the worksheet • Record 3 key facts from each section in your notes • Physical Settings-Different Regions • The rivers of China • China’s isolation • Due Tomorrow

  4. China’s Geography • All types of geographic features • ‘China’ has changed a lot over the years • Three main rivers • Huang or Yellow(China’s Sorrow) • Yangtze or Chang • Xi in the south • Strong sense of culture, isolated from most outsiders

  5. Shang Dynasty-1750 BC-1050 BC • First people in roughly 10,000 BC • Xia people first settle by the Yellow river in 3,000 BC • Shang invade the region, start first dynasty • 3 groups • Government/Culture • Religion • Language and Writing

  6. Shang • Created a Bureaucracy- a government organized into different levels and tasks • Economy • Agriculture- Rice and Millet, pigs, horses, • Some merchants and artisans

  7. Shang Calendar • Was created one of two ways • 1. Based on the sun • 2. Based on the movements of the moon. This was mainly used for special occasions such as birthdays and deaths.

  8. Religion • Animism- the belief that spirits inhabit everything • Gods of wind, sun, clouds, and man • Shangdi- A great god who controlled human destiny and the forces of nature • Oracle Bones- The shoulder of cattle or tortoise shells used for writing on

  9. Fall of the Shang • People came to the region mainly because they were attracted to the wealth. • The Zhou formed Alliances with other local tribes • They said that the Shang were corrupt and unfit to rule

  10. Zhou Dynasty 1050 BC- 256 BC • No centralized government • Gave territory to members of the royal family to control • Feudalism-loyalty-military service to kings for land • By 771 BC they are forced move • Begins the Late Spring and Autumn Period and Warring States Period of Chinese History • Established the ‘Mandate of Heaven’ • Four principles to the Mandate: • The right to rule is granted by Heaven. • There is only one Heaven therefore there can be only one ruler. • The right to rule is based on the virtue of the ruler. • The right to rule is not limited to one dynasty.

  11. Mandate of Heaven • Here are some of the ways these this idea impacted China • It gives the ruler prestige and religious importance. • It gives the ruler supreme power. • It allows a new ruler to gain power quickly if the people believe he has the 'Mandate of Heaven'. • A ruler's power must be kept in check by virtue. • The Mandate of Heaven justifies rebellion as long as the rebellion is successful. • Floods, riots, and other disasters might be signs that the ancestor spirits were displeased with the King’s rule. • Leads to a long history of government overthrow and change

  12. Late Spring and Autumn Period and Warring States Period of Chinese History

  13. Zhou Dynasty Achievements • - origin of Chinese philosophy developed to deal with political and social changes (Confucianism,Daoism,Legalism) • - compass invented sometime between 480 - 221 B.C. • - kite - the oldest type of aircraft was invented during the 4th or 5th century • - lasted longer than any other dynasty in Chinese history • - developed China's first projects involving hydraulic engineering • - perfection of bronze casting • - use of gold and silver inlays in objects • - use of iron in developing iron casting for tools and weapons was introduced • - developed technology for irrigation, drainage, waterways, canals, dikes, and dams • - used dyed yarns and materials like silk and linen • - produced glass • - refined the calendar • - studied and recorded astronomy and astronomical events • - created the first geographical maps • - discovered magnetism • - advancements in mathematics, including basic arithmetic, fractions, geometry, trigonometry, and calculations • - use of fertilizers and pesticides

  14. Assignment • Read Chapter 4, section 4 • Fill out the worksheet • Record 3 keys facts, for both, Confucianism and Daoism • Due Friday, Jan. 31

  15. Confucius • Born poor and vowed to end suffering and bring peace, Political • Pushed education as the meaning of life • “noble deeds, not noble birth bestowed honor” • Family, Elders, Ancestors • Civic Duty, Virtuous leaders

  16. Lao Tzu • Began Taoism • Taught about living in harmony with nature • Tao=the way • Emphasizes non-action • No concern for wealth or material world

  17. The Art of War • Most important book of military strategy • Written by Sun Tzu in the 5th century BC • “know your enemies and know yourself” • Sun Tzu considered war as a necessary evil that must be avoided whenever possible. • "the best policy is to capture the state intact; it should be destroyed only if no other options are available“. • Win without fighting • Avoid strengths, attack weakness • Deception and Foreknowledge

  18. Qin Dynasty 221 BC-206 BC • Qin Shih Huang di- Mean “first emperor” • Expanded Territory • Victories doubled the size of China • Against Confucius and Lao Tzu’s Philosophies • Also had feudalism

  19. Qin Dynasty • Qin Shi Huang di quickly put down any revolts against him • Ordered all Noble families to live at the capital city, so he could watch over them • Murdered 100’s of Confucian scholars and ordered useless books to be burned.

  20. Qin and Legalism • A highly efficient and powerful government is the key to maintaining social order • Autocracy-Absolute power of one (emperor) • Rewards and Punishments are useful to maintain social order(people are selfish and untrustworthy) • Thinkers and their ideas should be strictly controlled by the governments

  21. Qin Dynasty • Forced peasants to work on roads, walls, public works against their will • Set uniform standards, writing, laws, currency and measurements • This allowed for trade to blossom

  22. Great Wall of China • 14,000 miles long • From the Yellow Sea in the East to the Gobi Desert in the West • Enemies would have to travel ½ way to Tibet • Many died while working on the wall

  23. Terracotta Army • Died in 210 B.C • Created the Terracotta army to protect him in the afterlife • Discovered in 1974

  24. Fall of the Qin • After Qin Shi Huang di died in 210 B.C. his son took over, and proved to be a weak leader. • Peasants rebelled just three years after the second Qin Emperor took office • One of the leaders, a peasant from the land of Han, Marched his troops into the capital city • The harsh Qin Dynasty gave way to the Han Dynasty

  25. HAN Dynasty 206 BC-220 AD • Liu Bang (Born a peasant) overthrows Qin • Liu Bang won and declared himself the first emperor of the Han Dynasty • Strong Centralized government-Civil Service Reforms • He did however, lower taxes and softened harsh punishments • China became a Confucian state

  26. Silk Road • Connected China to Western Europe • Traded goods such as silk, spices, gold, and silver • Caused cultural diffusion • Learned about foods, animals, and fashions that were common in foreign lands

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