1 / 63

Gazzaniga2000 The nervous system is the physiological network of intercommunicating cells that forms the basis of our ab

march
Download Presentation

Gazzaniga2000 The nervous system is the physiological network of intercommunicating cells that forms the basis of our ab

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

    1. ???????

    2. ??????? Gazzaniga(2000) The nervous system is the physiological network of intercommunicating cells that forms the basis of our ability to perceive, adapt to, and interact with the world. ????,????????????????????? ?????????????????????

    3. ??????? ?? (?)?????????? (?)???? (?)?? (?)???????????

    4. ?????????

    5. ????????? ?????? ??:??????????????? ??:?????????????????? ?????? ??????????:     ??????:???????,??????????     ???????:???????,????????? ????? ??????????:       ??????:?????????,???? ?????????     ??????:?????????????? ?,????

    6. ????? ??(????) ??:?????????????????? ????????????,?????????????,???????????????,????????????,????,?????,????????;????????????????(reflex)???????????????? ???:??????????;????????????????? ???????:????????????????????????????????????(???)??????

    7. ??????

    8. ????? ???:??????????;????????????????? ???????:????????????????????????????????????(???)??????

    9. ??????

    10. ?? ??????,??????:         (???)????         ??(??)??         ????           ??(??)?? ??????,(???)?????????????,???????????????,????????????????????????????,?????????????,???????

    11. ?????????????? ??????:???????,?????????? ???????:???????,??????????????

    12. ?????????????? ???????????????????????(??)?????? ????????,???????????,?????????,?????????????;?,????????????,???????? ????????,????????????,???????????????,?????,????

    13. ???

    14. ????? ?????(Sensory neurons;????????,afferent neurons) : ???????????????(?,???????????????????????????)?????,????????????? ?????(Motor neurons;????????,or efferent neurons): ???????????????????? ?????(Interneurons): ?????????????????????????????????????????????

    15. ????????

    16. ??????

    17. ???????????? ???(cell body?????):????????????????,?????????????????? ???(dendrite):???????????????,??????????? ??(axon):????????????????????????????

    18. ???????????

    19. ??????????? ??(myelin sheath)?????????????????????????????,??????? ???????????????? ??????????,???????,??????????????? ???????????????????,??????,??????????????????????????????,??????,????????

    20. ??????????? ??(synapse):??????????????(axon terminal)??????????(????)?????? ???,????????????????????;???????????( ??????,synaptic gap;?????? 20?30 ??????????(nanometer)?)? ????,???????????????????????????????????

    21. ??????????? ????(synaptic vesicle):???????????????(neural transmitter)?????? ?????(impluse)??????,????????????????,??????,???????????????

    22. ?????????? ????????????,???????????????????????????????,???????????????,???????????????????? ?????????????,?????????????????????????????????????????????(????)????????????????????????????????????

    23. ???????????

    24. ?????? ?????????????????(???????? 70 ????????)?(?slide No.37) ??????????????????????;????????????????????????? ????,???????????????: ??:???????????????,??????????? ??:???????????????,??????????

    25. ?????????????

    26. ???????? ????(acetylcholine; Ach):??(?????? Otto Loewi?1921)?????????????;???????????????????????????????,?????????????????????? Ach ?,?????????;???? Ach ????????????? ??,???????????????? curare ?????????? Ach,???????? ??,??????????????????????????????????;?????? Ach ????

    27. ???? ????,?????(hippocampus)???,????????? Ach ???????? ????????????,?? Ach ??????????????,????????????,????????? Ach ???????;????????????? Ach ???

    28. ???????? ?????(norepinephrine; NE): ?????????????????????;????????????????????,?????????????? ??,??????????? NE ??????,? NE ???????,??????????????????? ??(lithium)?????????????????;???? NE ????;????????????

    29. ???????? ???? (gamma-aminobutyric acid; GABA):????????????,??? GABA ????,???????? ????? picrotoxin???(?????)???? GABA ????? GABA???? GABA ??????,???????????

    30. ???? ????????????,??????????;????????????????? ?????????(action potential)??????????? ????????????????????(?????)???

    31. ??????? (?)??????????????????;???????????????????,???????????????????????????(ion channel;????????)?????? ???????????? (???????)?,???(K+)????????,?????(sodium; Na+)????(chloride; CL-)????????? ????,??????????????????(A-),???????????,????????????

    32. ??????? (?)???????(???(sodium; Na+)????(potassium; K+)????(calcium; Ca+)?????(chloride; CL-))?????????????????,??????????????????????????????(ion pump),???????????????????????????

    33. ??????? (?)???????,?????????????(Na+)?????,?????????(K+)????? ????????? 3 ? Na+ ???? 2 ? K+,???????????????????????

    34. ??????? (?)?????????,?????????????? ??????????,???(Na+)?????????;??,???????????,????????????(?????????;??,??????????????)?

    35. ??????? (?)????????????????????????????????,???????????????;???????????????????????????????,???????????? ????????????,??????????????,??????????(hyper-polarization)????

    36. ??????? (?)??????????????,????????????????,????????????,???????????????????;?????????,????????????????

    37. ??University of Plymouth ???????? ??:http://www.flyfishingdevon.co.uk/salmon/ ????????????????? http://www.flyfishingdevon.co.uk/salmon/index.htm#Neurotransmitters_and_Neurotransmission

    38. ??????? ??????????????,???????????????? ?????????(????????????);?? 19 ??,von Helmholtz ??????????????? 100 ??? ???????????,?????????,???????????????,???????????????2??,???????? 200 ??? ?????,????????????????

    39. Glial Cells ????,?????1000???????,????? Glial Cells(??????????)? Glial cells ?????????: ??????????????(??????),???? glial cells . ???????????? ???????????,??glial cells??? ?????????????????????????,???glial cells ?,??????????????????? ????,Glial cells ?????????????

    40. Glial Cells ????????????????: (?)????? (?)???????????????????,??????????????? Glial Cells ???,?????????????????????? (?)????????,????????????

    41. ??

    42. ?????? ??????150 ?(?70??)????: ???????????: 2% ?????? = 140 mm ?????? = 167 mm ????????? = 93 mm ???(Aplysia)?????????? 18,000-20,000? ???????????? 3? (from How Animals See, S. Sinclair, 1985) ???????1000 ?????

    43. ?? ???????????:???????? ?? (??????pons) ??(medulla):??????,?????????????,?????????????????????? ??????????,???(?)??????????(?)??,???(?)??????????????????? ??(cerebellum):??????,??????

    44. ?? (????????????????) ??(thalamas):???????????????????,???????????????????? ???(hypothalamas):?????????????????????(homeostasis)???? ?????,???????????????????????,????????????????????????????,???????????? ????(limbic system):??????(?,??? hippocampus)??,??????????????;??????????(?,??????)????????????????????,????????????? ????(cerebrum ? cerebral cortex)

    45. ?? (superior and inferior colliculi, RAS, Gray matter, red nucleus, substantia nigra, ventral region) ???????????,????????? ?????????,?????????????????????(?,?)??,?????????????,????????????? ????(reticular activating system; RAS): ??????????????Woolridge(1968)??,RAS????????????? ????????????????,????????????????????? RAS,???????????????????RAS ?????????,????????? ?????? RAS ?????

    46. ???? ??? ??????????????????(cerebral hemispheres )??? ??????(????????)???(?????;corpus callosum)????? ??????????;????????,?????????? 2,500 ????

    47. ??? ??????????????;????????: ???(central fissure)? ???(lateral fissure)? ?????????????????????(brain lobe)??,??(parietal lobe) ???(occipital lobe) ???(frontal lobe)???(temporal lobe)

    48. ???

    49. ???

    50. ???????????

    51. ????????? ????????????????????????????,???????????,??: ??:??????????? ??:?????????????

    52. ???????? ?????Roger Sperry?Michael Gazzaniga(Sperry????)?????? Joseph Bogenas ?????????????????????

    53. ???????? ?????? (WJ)????????????,??????????????????;?????,? WJ ??????????????????? ????????????????????????????????, WJ ??????????????,??  Gazzaniga ??:  WJ lives happily in Downey, California, with no sense of the enormity of the findings or for that matter any awareness that he had changed?

    54. ???????? Gazzaniga ?????????,?????????,????????????????????????,??????,????????????????????????????

    55. ???????? ????, (?)????????????????;????????????????? ???,??????????????,???????????????,???????????????????

    56. ???????? (?)???????????,?????????????????????????(???)??????????,????????????(???)?????????????????? ?????????????,????????????,??????;??????????????????,????????????

    57. ???????? (?)?????,???????????????????,????????????,????????????

    58. ???????? ??????????,????????????,??????????????????,???????????????????? ????,??????????????????,??????????????,????????????????????;????????,????????????????????,????????????????????;??????????????????

    59. ??????Chimeric faces ??,???????????(??????)?????????

    60. ????? 1836?,???????Dax????????????????,???????????,??????????? 1865?,???????Broca???????Tan?????(???????Tan),??????????????(Broca area),??????????: ?????? ?????,?????? ??????????????????????? ???????????? ?????(?????) ??????????????????? ????????????????????? ??????????????????? ???????????? ??????,???????????(expressive aphasia)? ??,????????;????????(Kertesz, 1982): Oh dear. Um. aah. Oh! Oh dear. very-there-were-ave. avedeversher avenyer. (??????,Devonshire Avenue) 

    61. 1874,???????Wernicke??,???????????,???????????????: ????? ????? ???????????????????? ?????;??????????????? ?????(?????????????) ???????????? ???????,???????????(receptive aphasia)? ??,??????????;????????(Kertesz, 1982): I wanna tell you this happened when happened when he rent. His his kell come down here and is -- he got ren something. It happened. In these ropiers were with him for hi-is friend -- like was. And he roden all o these arranjen from the pedis on from is pescid.

    62. ???temporal lobe?frontal lobe??????(arcuate fasciculus)???,?????????(conduction aphasia)???: ???????????????? ????????,????? ????????:???????????

    63. ????????? (?)???????????? (?)?Sylyius fissure??,???????????:Werniche's area? supramarginal gyrus? angular gyrus?Broca's area???????,?????????,??????? ???????temporal lobe(???????)? (????)arcuate fasciculus(??)? ?frontal lobe (????????;?????????,???)? ?????(??) (?)?????????,??????????

    64. ?????????? (?)??????:???????????,??????????????????????????(?????????),??????????,???????????(?,????????;???????)?,?????????????????? (?)????????????????????????:???????????????(????????????;?,???,??????????????),?????????????(???????(?,??????)?????)? (?)??????? (A)??PET?MRI?????,????????????,?????????????????, (B)?????????????????????????, (C)???????????????????????

More Related