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Applied Sensor Technology

Applied Sensor Technology. Outline. Introduction Examples of Sensors Basic readout electronics Semiconductor detectors. Introduction. A sensor measure various physical parameters Motion Height, weight and volume Pressure, Tensile stress Temperature Flow Irradiation Energy ……….

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Applied Sensor Technology

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  1. Applied Sensor Technology

  2. Outline • Introduction • Examples of Sensors • Basic readout electronics • Semiconductor detectors

  3. Introduction • A sensor measure various physical parameters • Motion • Height, weight and volume • Pressure, Tensile stress • Temperature • Flow • Irradiation • Energy • ………

  4. Introduction • Why do we need sensors?

  5. Introduction Elements of a measurement system

  6. Introduction

  7. Introduction

  8. Sensor Characteristics Accuracy Calibration Dead-zone Drift Error Hysteresis Lag Linearity Operating life Precision Sensor Characteristics Range Rating Reliability Repeatability Reproducibility Response Resolution Sensitivity Stability Static error Tolerance Introduction

  9. Introduction

  10. Examples of Sensors • Resistance Strain Gauge • Measure change in size of a solid object, due to the object being strained.

  11. Examples of Sensors • Measuring volume in a fuel tank 1 2

  12. Examples of Sensors • Piezoelectric pressure sensor • Mechanical pressure • Gas pressure

  13. Examples of Sensors • Audio (change in air pressure) • Recording • Mixing (Signal processing)

  14. Examples of Sensors • Temperature measurement, thermocouple element

  15. Examples of Sensors • Temperature measurement by heat radiation

  16. Basic readout electronics • Purpose • Amplify small signal from the sensor • Signal processing to suppress noise

  17. Basic readout electronics • Operational amplifier • Voltage Comparator • Voltage amplifier • Inverting • Non-inverting

  18. Basic readout electronics • Operational amplifier • Differential amplifier • Instrumentation amplifier

  19. Basic readout electronics • Operational amplifier • Voltage amplifier • Current amplifier • Charge sensitive amp.

  20. Semiconductor detectors

  21. Semiconductor detectors

  22. Semiconductor detectors

  23. Semiconductor detectors

  24. Semiconductor detectors

  25. L hv Xc i2 i1 0 SiO2 P+ eh eh e h n-type Si substrate n+ Al Semiconductor detectors Lateral photoeffect PSD • Low non linearity ~0.1% • Independent of light spot focus • Simple calculation of the position

  26. Applied Sensor Technology • Semiconductor physics • Semiconductor processing • Analog Electronics • http://apachepersonal.miun.se/~gorthu/AST/

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