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Thermal Treatment

Thermal Treatment. ENVE 649. Thermal Processes. Incineration turn to ash Other thermal process heat desorb breakdown. Incineration. Volume reduction Some contaminants completely oxidized and destroyed Organics frequently reduced or eliminated Metals into ash

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Thermal Treatment

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  1. Thermal Treatment ENVE 649

  2. Thermal Processes • Incineration • turn to ash • Other thermal process • heat • desorb • breakdown

  3. Incineration • Volume reduction • Some contaminants completely oxidized and destroyed • Organics frequently reduced or eliminated • Metals into ash • Radioactive materials stay

  4. Uses • Municipal solid Waste • Industrial and hazardous waste • Sludges

  5. Stoichiometry

  6. Advantages of Incineration • Volume and weight reduction • 90% volume and 75% weight MSW typical • Volume reduction is immediate • Landfill is hundreds of years • Can be done at point of generation • medical waste • Energy recovery • Control of air discharge

  7. Disadvantages of Incineration • High initial cost • Skilled operators required • Not all materials can be burned • Some materials require supplemental fuel • Public Disapproval

  8. Exhaust Gases • “Dioxin” • TCDD • Made by burning • Some chlorinated compounds • A little produced • PCBs • A lot produced

  9. Exhaust Gasses • Hydrochloric acid • Particulates • If incinerator is not working properly • incomplete combustion • vaporization

  10. DRE • Destruction and Removal Efficiency

  11. DRE Required • Usually 99.99% for each POHC • Principal Organic Hazardous Constituent • Need permit for each POHC, which might specify more stringent • 99.9999% for chlorinated aromatic wastes

  12. Key Design Parameters • Temperature • Residence time • Turbulence • Pressure • Air supply • Materials of construction • Auxiliary Features

  13. Flue Gas AIR in Pile of HW What’s wrong with this picture?

  14. http://www.takuma.co.jp/english/product/boiler/ryudou/index.html Look at Fluidized-Bed Features, on left. RDF is Refuse Derived Fuel - pellets • Inciner8 (go to incinerators and look at pictures of types.)

  15. Soil treatment by heating and volatilization Exhaust hot air To small burner Hot air from propane burner

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