Outline

1. The Microeconomics of Household Collection of Wild Coffee in Ethiopia: Some Policy Implications for in-situ Conservation of Coffea arabica Genetic DiversityDegnet Abebaw and Detlef Virchow Center for Development Research (ZEF), Univ. of Bonn, Germany

2. Outline 1. Introduction 2. Background of the study 3. Overview of the sample and hypotheses of the study 4. Theoretical framework and analytical model 5. Analytical results 6. Conclusion and policy implications

3. 1.      Introduction • rich sources of genetic resources • means of livelihood and safety nets • crucial source of agricultural inputs (farm • implements, seedlings, seeds) • household furnitures (dining tables, beds, spoons, chairs, etc) • carbon sequestration • Local/regional/national climate regulation

4. Challenges • Deforestation and degradation of natural resources • Population pressure • Market developments • Migration • Inappropriate policies/policy failures

5. Models of conservation and development • Fence and fine rule • Integrated conservation and • development

6. 2.      Background of the study • Ethiopia has a rich diversity of crops - one among the eight Vivilovian gene center in the world • Origin and center of diversity for Coffea arabica • High diversity in coffee land races on peasant farms and wild gene pool • Local benefits from the wild populations: • for income and • for family consumption • for breeding values • Contributes about 6% to the total coffee production in Ethiopia

7. Some factors leading to depletion of wild coffee population in the Ethiopian Highlands • rapid population growth • resettlement in the nearby areas • lack of favorable inter-sectoral linkages (agriculture with forestry) • lack of coherent forest and agricultural policies • lack of human resources and finance

8. Recent Developments: • Interest is growing for genetic resource conservation - from within the country (govt, academics, research) - from outside the country (donors, international univ., research centers) • e.g., Initiatives to conserve wild coffee genetic diversity has been in progress since recently • Ethiopian Government/European Union, • ZEF in collaboration with EARO

9. Objectives: • To identify the main features of household dependent on the collection of wild coffee from the places proposed for the conservation of forest coffee genetic diversity • 2 To draw decision support inputs for integrating local needs and behavior with in-situ conservation of forest coffee genetic resources in Ethiopia.

11. Study areas • 1. Yayu district (Geba-Dogi) = 10,000 ha of forest coffee demarcated • 2. Gewata district (Boginda-Yeba) = 2,764 ha

12. Yayu district • 520 kilo meters from Addis Ababa • Mixed farming systems (maize, sorghum, cattle and small ruminants) • Coffee is a major cash crop and major source of livelihood followed by chat • Perennial crops are very important

13. Land use characteristics

14. 2.3 Survey Design and data type • A two-stage random sampling technique • was employed • 121 farm families in the region • Primary and secondary data •  July 2002 to April 2003

15. 3. Overview of the sample and hypotheses of the study

16. Most important reasons for wild coffee extraction

17. Access to wild coffee in the last 5 years

18. Farmers´ perceptions of the stock of wild coffee and montane rain forest in the study area

20. Table 2. Hypothese and descriptive statistics

21. 4. Theoretical framework and empirical approach • Conservation of Wild coffee (center for arabica coffee genetic diversity) provides short-term and long-term benefits to local people, national and international communities • As elsewhere in other tropical forests, local people practice forest-based activities in general and extract NTFP (wild coffee ) from these forests and a sudden exclusion of these people will push them to further poverty and marginalization. Therefore, one way of alleviating the conflict of interst between conservation and current extraction needs is to look into the socioeconomics of participation in the wild coffee, NTFP (case study examples for NTFP elsewhere include Gunatileke and Chakravorty, 2003; Pattanayak and Sills, 2001) • Farm household model Production  Consumption  Collection • Risk and uncertainty in the coffee sector Expected utility maximization

22. Empirical approach • Define: • U1i = sum current and expected utility that the ith household gets from wild coffee collection • U0i = sum of current and expected utility that the ith household gets from non- collection of wild coffee A rational household is assumed to participate in wild coffee collection as far as: U1i -U0i >0

23. Empirical Approach (contd.) • Ii =´X+vi • Ci=1 if Ii>0 • Ci=0 if not • Probit Regression

25. 6. Conclusions and Policy implications • The proposed wild coffee conservation area is an important source of income and employment to the local people • Complete prohibition of picking wild coffee from such areas will harm a significant portion of the society • Use pressure could be minimized by providing compensations and incentives while at the same time working through proper settlement/resettlemnt, family planning and crop diversification .............

26. Thank you!