Microsoft Office 2007 Illustrated Introductory, Windows Vista Edition

2. 2 Microsoft Office 2007-Illustrated Introductory, Windows Vista Edition Investigate types of computers Examine computer systems Examine input devices Examine output devices Investigate data processing Understand memory Objectives

3. 3 Microsoft Office 2007-Illustrated Introductory, Windows Vista Edition Understand storage media Explore data communications Learn about networks Learn about security threats Understand system software Understand application software Objectives

4. 4 Microsoft Office 2007-Illustrated Introductory, Windows Vista Edition Defining Computers

5. 5 Microsoft Office 2007-Illustrated Introductory, Windows Vista Edition Investigating Types of Computers The categories of computers are: Personal computers Desktop Notebook (Laptop) Tablet PC Hand-helds PDAs MP3 players Cell phones Mainframes Supercomputers

6. 6 Microsoft Office 2007-Illustrated Introductory, Windows Vista Edition Investigating Types of Computers

7. 7 Microsoft Office 2007-Illustrated Introductory, Windows Vista Edition Investigating Types of Computers Notebook computer also referred to as a laptop computer small lightweight portable

8. 8 Microsoft Office 2007-Illustrated Introductory, Windows Vista Edition Investigating Types of Computers PDAs personal digital assistants generally used to maintain an electronic appointment book, address book, calculator, and notepad

9. 9 Microsoft Office 2007-Illustrated Introductory, Windows Vista Edition Investigating Types of Computers Supercomputers are the largest and fastest of computers, and can process an enormous volume of data.

10. 10 Microsoft Office 2007-Illustrated Introductory, Windows Vista Edition Understanding Terminals Terminal has a keyboard for input monitor for output processes little or no data on its own Terminal emulator personal computer, workstation, or server uses special software to imitate a terminal allows the PC to communicate with he mainframe or supercomputer

11. 11 Microsoft Office 2007-Illustrated Introductory, Windows Vista Edition Examining Computer Systems A computer system is made up of: Hardware—the physical components Software—the programs or lists of instructions

12. 12 Microsoft Office 2007-Illustrated Introductory, Windows Vista Edition Examining Computer Systems Architecture or configuration is the design of the computer. As in, what does the computer consist of? Specifications are the technical details about each component. As in, how big is the monitor?

13. 13 Microsoft Office 2007-Illustrated Introductory, Windows Vista Edition Examining Computer Systems Data The words, numbers, figures, sounds, and graphics that describe people, events, things, and ideas Processing Modifying data

14. 14 Microsoft Office 2007-Illustrated Introductory, Windows Vista Edition Examining Computer Systems

15. 15 Microsoft Office 2007-Illustrated Introductory, Windows Vista Edition Examining Computer Systems The data you type into the computer is called input. The result of the computer processing your input is called output. Peripheral devices accomplish the input, output, and storage functions.

16. 16 Microsoft Office 2007-Illustrated Introductory, Windows Vista Edition Examining Computer Systems Microprocessor a silicon chip designed to manipulate data its speed is determined by: Clock speed Word size Processor type

17. 17 Microsoft Office 2007-Illustrated Introductory, Windows Vista Edition Examining Input Devices Some input devices are: Keyboard Mouse Trackball Touch pad Pointing stick Scanner Microphones

18. 18 Microsoft Office 2007-Illustrated Introductory, Windows Vista Edition Using Assistive Devices People who cannot use their arms or hands instead can use foot, head, or eye movements to control the pointer. People with poor vision can use keyboards with large keys for input, screen enlargers to enlarge the type and images on the monitor, or screen readers to read the content of the screen aloud.

19. 19 Microsoft Office 2007-Illustrated Introductory, Windows Vista Edition Examining Output Devices Monitors and printers are common output devices. CRT monitors and flat panel monitors are two types of monitors.

20. 20 Microsoft Office 2007-Illustrated Introductory, Windows Vista Edition Examining Output Devices Factors that influence a monitor’s quality are: Screen Size Resolution Dot Pitch

21. 21 Microsoft Office 2007-Illustrated Introductory, Windows Vista Edition Examining Output Devices

22. 22 Microsoft Office 2007-Illustrated Introductory, Windows Vista Edition Investigating Data Processing A computer file is a named collection of stored data. An executable file contains the instructions that tell a computer how to perform a specific task; for instance, the files that are used while the computer starts are executable. A data file is created by a user, usually with software.

23. 23 Microsoft Office 2007-Illustrated Introductory, Windows Vista Edition Investigating Data Processing Computers interpret every signal as “on” or “off.” 1 (“on”) and 0 (“off”) are referred to as bits. Eight bits is a byte. Each byte represents a unique character.

24. 24 Microsoft Office 2007-Illustrated Introductory, Windows Vista Edition Investigating Data Processing Kilobyte (KB) = one thousand bytes Megabyte (MB) = one million bytes Gigabyte (GB) = one billion bytes Terabyte (TB) = one trillion bytes

25. 25 Microsoft Office 2007-Illustrated Introductory, Windows Vista Edition Investigating Data Processing Each ASCII number represents an English character Computers that run the Windows operating system use the set of Extended ASCII definitions defined by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI).

26. 26 Microsoft Office 2007-Illustrated Introductory, Windows Vista Edition Understanding Memory Computer memory is a set of storage locations on the motherboard. There are five types of memory: Random access memory (RAM) Cache memory Virtual memory Read-only memory Complementary metal oxide semiconductor memory (CMOS)

27. 27 Microsoft Office 2007-Illustrated Introductory, Windows Vista Edition Understanding Memory RAM Temporary memory that is constantly changing while the computer is on. Also called volatile memory and temporary memory. Cache memory Special high-speed memory chip on the motherboard or CPU Stores frequently and recently accessed data and commands.

28. 28 Microsoft Office 2007-Illustrated Introductory, Windows Vista Edition Understanding Memory Virtual memory is extra memory that simulates RAM if more is needed. Read-only memory (ROM) is the permanent storage location for a set of instructions the computer uses. CMOS memory is semi-permanent information about where essential software is stored.

29. 29 Microsoft Office 2007-Illustrated Introductory, Windows Vista Edition Understanding Storage Media Magnetic storage devices Store data as magnetized particles on mylar, which is then coated on both sides with a magnetic oxide coating

30. 30 Microsoft Office 2007-Illustrated Introductory, Windows Vista Edition Understanding Storage Media Common magnetic storage devices hard disks—several magnetic oxide covered metal platters usually sealed in a case inside the computer tape—inexpensive, slow, archival storage for large companies who need to back up large quantities of data. floppy disks—flat circles of magnetic oxide-coated mylar enclosed in a hard plastic case; almost obsolete

31. 31 Microsoft Office 2007-Illustrated Introductory, Windows Vista Edition Understanding Storage Media Optical storage devices polycarbonate discs coated with a reflective metal on which data is recorded using laser technology as a trail of tiny pits or dark spots in the surface of the disc the data that these pits or spots represent can then be “read” with a beam of laser light

32. 32 Microsoft Office 2007-Illustrated Introductory, Windows Vista Edition Understanding Storage Media Types of optical storage devices CD—can store 700 MB of data DVD—can store between 4.7 and 15.9 GB of data Blu-ray discs and HD-DVD can store between 15 and 50 GB of data

33. 33 Microsoft Office 2007-Illustrated Introductory, Windows Vista Edition Understanding Storage Media Flash memory—similar to ROM except that it can be written to more than once. Flash memory cards small, portable cards encased in hard plastic to which data can be written and rewritten used in digital cameras, handheld computers, video game controllers, and other devices

34. 34 Microsoft Office 2007-Illustrated Introductory, Windows Vista Edition Understanding Storage Media USB flash storage device (USB drive, flash drive) popular type of flash memory available in a wide range of sizes from 32 MB to 16 GB plug directly into the USB port of a personal computer are about the size of a pack of gum and often have a ring that you can attach to your key chain.

35. 35 Microsoft Office 2007-Illustrated Introductory, Windows Vista Edition Erasing and Rewriting on CDs and DVDs CD-ROMs are for “read-only” access. CD-R drives allow you to record data on a CD-R disk. CD-RW drives allow you to write data on a CD-RW disk and access and modify data. DVD-R and DVD+R are recordable.

36. 36 Microsoft Office 2007-Illustrated Introductory, Windows Vista Edition Exploring Data Communications Data communications is the transmission of text, numeric, voice, or video data from one computer to another. The four essential components of data communications are: Sender Channel Receiver Protocols

37. 37 Microsoft Office 2007-Illustrated Introductory, Windows Vista Edition Exploring Data Communications A sender is the computer that originates the message. The message is sent over a channel, such as a telephone. The receiver is the computer at the message’s destination. Protocols are the rules that establish the transfer of data between sender and receiver.

38. 38 Microsoft Office 2007-Illustrated Introductory, Windows Vista Edition Exploring Data Communications Device driver (or simply driver) handles the transmission protocol between a computer and its peripheral devices a computer program that can establish communication because it contains information about the characteristics of your computer and of the device Data bus the data path between the microprocessor, RAM, and the peripherals along which communication travels

39. 39 Microsoft Office 2007-Illustrated Introductory, Windows Vista Edition Exploring Data Communications

40. 40 Microsoft Office 2007-Illustrated Introductory, Windows Vista Edition Exploring Data Communications PCs have several types of ports: Parallel Serial SCSI USB MIDI Ethernet

41. 41 Microsoft Office 2007-Illustrated Introductory, Windows Vista Edition Exploring Data Communications Parallel port—transmits data eight bits at a time Serial port—transmits data one bit at a time SCSI (small computer system interface, pronounced “scuzzy”) port—provides an interface for one or more peripheral devices at the same port USB (Universal Serial Bus) port—a high-speed serial port which allows multiple connections at the same port

42. 42 Microsoft Office 2007-Illustrated Introductory, Windows Vista Edition Exploring Data Communications Sound card port—usually includes jacks for speakers and a microphone, which are designed to work with a MIDI (Musical Instrument Digital Interface, pronounced “middy”) card Ethernet port—used to connect to another computer, a LAN, a modem, or sometimes directly to the Internet; allows data to be transmitted at high speeds.

43. 43 Microsoft Office 2007-Illustrated Introductory, Windows Vista Edition Exploring Data Communications Computer ports and connections

44. 44 Microsoft Office 2007-Illustrated Introductory, Windows Vista Edition Learning about Networks Network connects one computer to other computers and peripheral devices Network interface card (NIC) creates a communications channel between the computer and the network a cable connects the NIC port to the network Network software establishes the communications protocols that will be observed on the network controls the traffic flow of data traveling through the network

45. 45 Microsoft Office 2007-Illustrated Introductory, Windows Vista Edition Learning about Networks Server acts as the central storage location for programs provides mass storage for most of the data used on the network Client—computers on a network dependent on a server Client/server network—a network with server that acts as the central storage location Peer-to-peer network a network without a server all of the computers are equal

46. 46 Microsoft Office 2007-Illustrated Introductory, Windows Vista Edition Learning about Networks Standalone computer—a personal computer that is not connected to a network Workstation—a personal computer that is connected to a network Node—any device connected to the network

47. 47 Microsoft Office 2007-Illustrated Introductory, Windows Vista Edition Learning about Networks

48. 48 Microsoft Office 2007-Illustrated Introductory, Windows Vista Edition Learning about Networks LAN (local area network) computers and peripherals located close to each other WAN (wide area network) more than one LAN connected together the Internet is the largest example of a WAN WLAN (wireless local area network) computers and peripherals that use high-frequency radio waves instead of wires to communicate and connect in a network Wi-Fi (wireless fidelity) describes WLANs connected using a standard radio frequency established by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)

49. 49 Microsoft Office 2007-Illustrated Introductory, Windows Vista Edition Learning about Networks PAN (personal area network)—a network that allows two or more devices located close to each other to communicate or to connect a device to the Internet infrared technology—uses infrared light waves to beam data from one device to another Bluetooth—uses short range radio waves to connect a device wirelessly to another device or to the Internet WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access) allows computers to connect over many miles to a LAN a WiMAX tower sends signals to a WiMAX receiver built or plugged into a computer

50. 50 Microsoft Office 2007-Illustrated Introductory, Windows Vista Edition Learning about Networks

51. 51 Microsoft Office 2007-Illustrated Introductory, Windows Vista Edition Learning about Security Threats Security refers to the steps a computer owner takes to prevent unauthorized use of or damage to the computer

52. 52 Microsoft Office 2007-Illustrated Introductory, Windows Vista Edition Learning about Security Threats Malware describes any program that is intended to cause harm or convey information to others without the owner’s permission Viruses harmful programs that instruct your computer to perform destructive activities, such as erasing a disk drive Antivirus software (virus protection software) searches executable files for the sequences of characters that may cause harm and disinfects the files by erasing or disabling those commands

53. 53 Microsoft Office 2007-Illustrated Introductory, Windows Vista Edition Learning about Security Threats Spyware programs contained with other programs that track a computer user’s Internet usage and send this data back to the company or person that created it usually installed without the computer user’s permission or knowledge Anti-spyware software detects spyware and deletes them Adware software installed with another program usually with the user’s permission generates advertising revenue for the program’s creator by displaying targeted ads to the program’s user

54. 54 Microsoft Office 2007-Illustrated Introductory, Windows Vista Edition Learning about Security Threats Firewall prevents other computers on the Internet from accessing a computer and prevents programs on a computer from accessing the Internet without the computer user’s permission can be either hardware or software router a device that controls traffic between network components usually has a built-in firewall. software firewalls track all incoming and outgoing traffic

55. 55 Microsoft Office 2007-Illustrated Introductory, Windows Vista Edition Learning about Security Threats Spoofed site a Web site set up to look like another Web site, but which does not belong to the organization portrayed in the site the URL (address on the Web) looks similar to a URL from the legitimate site usually set up to try to convince customers of the real site to enter personal information Phishing the practice of sending e-mails to customers or potential customers of a legitimate Web site asking them to click a link in the e-mail the link leads to a spoofed site Pharming when a criminal breaks into a DNS server (a computer responsible for directing Internet traffic) and redirect any attempts to access a particular Web site to the criminal’s spoofed site

56. 56 Microsoft Office 2007-Illustrated Introductory, Windows Vista Edition Protecting Information with Passwords Logging in signing in with a user name and password Strong password at least eight characters consists of upper- and lowercase letters and numbers does not include common personal information

57. 57 Microsoft Office 2007-Illustrated Introductory, Windows Vista Edition Understanding System Software

58. 58 Microsoft Office 2007-Illustrated Introductory, Windows Vista Edition Understanding System Software Operating system controls the input and output (I/O) allocates system resources manages files on storage devices guards against equipment failure Operating environment provides a graphical user interface (GUI) that acts as a liaison between the user and the computer

59. 59 Microsoft Office 2007-Illustrated Introductory, Windows Vista Edition Understanding System Software Utilities a category of system software that augment the operating system by taking over some of its responsibility for allocating hardware resources Device drivers handle the transmission protocol between a computer and its peripherals when you add a device to an existing computer, part of its installation includes adding its device driver to the computer’s configuration Programming languages used by a programmer to write computer instructions the instructions are translated into electrical signals that the computer can manipulate and process.

60. 60 Microsoft Office 2007-Illustrated Introductory, Windows Vista Edition Understanding System Software

61. 61 Microsoft Office 2007-Illustrated Introductory, Windows Vista Edition Understanding Application Software Application software enables you to perform specific computer tasks

62. 62 Microsoft Office 2007-Illustrated Introductory, Windows Vista Edition Understanding Application Software Document production software includes word processing software, desktop publishing software, e-mail editors, and Web authoring software has a variety of features that assist you in writing and formatting documents, including changing the font (the style of type) and spell checking to help you avoid typographical and spelling errors Spreadsheet software a numerical analysis tool used to create a worksheet composed of a grid of columns and rows you type data into the cells, and enter mathematical formulas into other cells that reference the data

63. 63 Microsoft Office 2007-Illustrated Introductory, Windows Vista Edition Understanding Application Software

64. 64 Microsoft Office 2007-Illustrated Introductory, Windows Vista Edition Understanding Application Software

65. 65 Microsoft Office 2007-Illustrated Introductory, Windows Vista Edition Understanding Application Software Database management software lets you collect and manage data Database a collection of information stored on one or more computers organized in a uniform format of records and fields record—a collection of data items in a database field—one piece of information in the record An example of a database is the online catalog of books at a library; the catalog contains one record for each book in the library, and each record contains fields that identify the title, the author, and the subjects under which the book can be classified.

66. 66 Microsoft Office 2007-Illustrated Introductory, Windows Vista Edition Understanding Application Software Graphics software allows you to create illustrations, diagrams, graphs, and charts Presentation software allows you to project a presentation before a group, print it out for quick reference, or transmit it to remote computers Clip art simple drawings that are included as collections with many software packages

67. 67 Microsoft Office 2007-Illustrated Introductory, Windows Vista Edition Understanding Application Software Photo editing software allows you to manipulate digital photos you can make the images brighter, add special effects to the photo, add additional images to a photo, or crop the photo to include only relevant parts of the image Multimedia authoring software allows you to record digital sound files, video files, and animations Web site creation and management software allows you to create and manage Web sites

68. 68 Microsoft Office 2007-Illustrated Introductory, Windows Vista Edition Understanding Application Software Information management software keeps track of schedules, appointments, contacts, and “to-do” lists

69. 69 Microsoft Office 2007-Illustrated Introductory, Windows Vista Edition Understanding Object Linking and Embedding (OLE) Object linking and embedding (OLE) refers to the ability to use data from another file, called the source Embedding occurs when you copy and paste the source data in the new file Linking allows you to create a connection between the source data and the copy in the new file the link updates the copy every time a change is made to the source data Integration the seamless nature of OLE among some applications