Introduction to Biology

1. Introduction to Biology The Scientific Study of Life

2. Biology • scientific study oflife • ranges from the molecular to the global • microscope to ecosystem • includes diversity of life now & in the past

3. Cytology Virology Embryology Anatomy Physiology Molecular Biology Genetics Botany Ichthyology Microbiology Zoology Evolutionary Biology Phylogeny Entomology Ecology Biological Subjects

5. Organization • 5 distinct kingdoms • Bacteria • Protista • Fungi • Plantae • Animalia

6. Organization • organisms are placed into a kingdom based on their characteristic • all organisms in a kingdom possess the same characteristics

7. Characteristics of Animalia Kingdom • multicellular • eukaryotic cells • no cell walls • heterotrophs-consumers

8. Characteristics of Life • properties shared by all living things • Cellular Organization • Metabolism • Homeostasis • Growth & Reproduction • Heredity

9. Cellular Organization • all living things are composed of cells • tiny compartments surrounded by a membrane • some are made up of only one cell • others have trillions

10. Metabolism • all living things use energy • all energy originates from the sun • plants use this energy in a process called photosynthesis to make sugars • we eat plants or animals that have eaten plants • energy transferred to us • transfer is metabolism

11. Homeostasis • living things have processes that ensures internal environment remains stable

12. Growth & Reproduction • all living things must grow • must reproduce

13. Heredity • living things must have genetic system found in molecules of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) • determines properties of organism • genetic code is used to pass information to successive generations • transmission of traits is heredity

14. Organization of Life

16. Hierarchy of Organization • Chemical or Molecular Atomsmolecules • Cells basic unit of structure and function in living things • Tissues made of cells similar in structure & function working together to perform a specific activity4 basic tissues: connective, epithelial, muscle, and nerve • Organs made up of tissues that work together to perform a specific activity Examples - heart, brain, skin, etc. • Organ Systemsgroups of two or more tissues working together to perform a specific function Human body has 11 organ systems - circulatory, digestive, endocrine, excretory • (urinary), immune (lymphatic), integumentary, muscular, nervous, reproductive, • respiratory & skeletal • Organismsentire living things that can carry out all basic life processes take in materials, release energy from food, release wastes, grow, respond to the environment reproduce usually made up of organ systems, but an organism may be made up of only one cell

19. Study of Biology • special way of thinking • uses empirical or scientific method • self-correcting process for asking questions & observing natures answers • separates science from philosophy

20. Parts of the Scientific Method • Observations • made in the real world • Question • leads to a question about those observations • Hypothesis • testable assumption or prediction • Test hypothesis • conduct research • Reaffirm theory • reaffirmordisaffirmtheory in relation to outcome of research