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Introduction to Biology

Introduction to Biology. 06/11/12. What is Biology?. Simply put : It is the study of life. What is the function of the pancreas? To secrete hormones to aid in digestion and regulate blood sugar. More complex : It is the study of life and interactions between and within living things.

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Introduction to Biology

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  1. Introduction to Biology 06/11/12

  2. What is Biology? • Simply put: It is the study of life. • What is the function of the pancreas? • To secrete hormones to aid in digestion and regulate blood sugar. • More complex: It is the study of life and interactions between and within living things. • How does an increase in testosterone levels have an effect on the male physical body?

  3. What do Biologists Study? Molecular Biology How does DNA serve as a code for protein? How is it regulated? We know Alzheimer’s Disease is rooted in problems with proteins. Could this mean problems in DNA?

  4. What do Biologists Study? Cellular Biology What happens inside of a cell? How do cells communicate? How does a normal cell become a sickle cell in “sickle cell anemia”. Why is this bad?

  5. What do Biologists Study Ecology Ecosystems and population of certain species. What impact on the environment does an overpopulation of a specific type of beetle have on its ecosystem and surrounding areas.

  6. What do Biologists Study? Epidemiology How a disease spreads and impacts a human population. How might an anthrax outbreak affect the United States over a week? How fast would we all turn into zombies if a deadly and reanimating virus was unleashed onto the world?

  7. What do Biologists Study? Microbiology Microbiologists study bacteria, viruses, and other small organisms. How does a bacterium entry the body and cause infection?

  8. Macromolecules

  9. Atoms and Bonds • Atoms: The basic unit of a chemical element. • Atoms are indivisible (Cannot be divided) • Ions are charged atoms. • Can either be negative or positive. • Bonds hold together atoms

  10. Monomers and Polymers • Monomers: • Basic building blocks of a macromolecule • Polymers: • A bunch of monomers

  11. Carbohydrates • What function do carbohydrates serve? ENERGY! • This energy is readily available. • This is why you should NEVER feed kids too much chocolate!!! • Stored in the chemical bonds of carbs.

  12. Carbohydrates • Also known as sugars • They are composed of Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen atoms. • Appx. Ratio – 1 C : 2 H: 1 O • The simplest carbohydrates are monosaccharides (“single sugars”)

  13. Carbohydrates Glucose Fructose Carbonyl Hydroxyl (Alcohol) Formula is the same, but arrangement is different.

  14. Carbohydrates • By linking two or more monosaccharides, you get a polysaccharide (“many sugars”) • If there are two, usually it’s called a disaccharide • How do carbohydrates link together?? DEHYDRATION SYNTHESIS Dehydration – Remove Water Synthesis – To form

  15. Dehydration Synthesis Glycosidic Bond/Linkage

  16. Hydrolysis • Hydro = water • Lysis = Break Apart • The exact opposite of dehydration synthesis.

  17. Polysaccharides All 3 of these polysaccharides are built of the same monosaccharides. They are just arranged differently

  18. Lipids • Or just simply put: Fats • Tend to be waxy, oily, and shiny • It seems that most people dread the idea of fats. So why are the important?? • The membranes around our cells (more later) • LONG TERM energy storage. • Small chemical messengers, such as testosterone and estrogen.

  19. Lipids • Made from fatty acids: Carboxyl group (Likes Water) Hydrocarbon tail (Does not like water)

  20. Lipids • Fatty acids combine with an alcohol (glycerol)

  21. Lipids • 2 types of fatty acids:

  22. Lipids Saturated Fats Unsaturated Fats

  23. Activity • Find a Partner and go to a computer and type in this url: http://www.concord.org/~btinker/workbench_web/unitIV_revised/tree_life_wrkst.html • Answer the questions on the worksheet. • Those who don’t have a computer will read pages 68 – 74 and start the homework.

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