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The War of 1812

The War of 1812. “Mr. Madison’s War”. “America's Second War for Independence””. Causes of the War?. What has happened so far?. French Revolution British declare war on France France begins impressment XYZ Affair British start impressment British bomb the ship The Chesapeake

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The War of 1812

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  1. The War of 1812 “Mr. Madison’s War”

  2. “America's Second War for Independence””

  3. Causes of the War?

  4. What has happened so far? • French Revolution • British declare war on France • France begins impressment • XYZ Affair • British start impressment • British bomb the ship The Chesapeake • American public is upset at both France and Britain

  5. What do we do to stop impressment and stay neutral? • Both France and Britain have promised to attack any ship that is selling or trading with the enemy. • Embargo Act of 1807- Thomas Jefferson’s effort to maintain neutrality. Did not allow U.S to trade with ANY European country. Policy was unsuccessful due to smuggling and public opinion. • Non-Intercourse Act- allowed trade with European countries EXCEPT for France and Britain. Also unsuccessful. • Both were unsuccessful.

  6. The Non-Intercourse Act (1809) • Replaced the Embargo Act. • Remained U. S. policy until 1812. • Unexpected Consequences: • N. Eng. was forced to become self-sufficient again [old factories reopened]. • Laid the groundwork for US industrial power. • Jefferson, a critic of an industrial America, ironically contributed to Hamilton’s view of the US!!!

  7. 3. The Embargo Act (1807)The “OGRABME” Turtle

  8. James Madison Becomes President

  9. Dolly Madison: The President’s Wife

  10. War Fever • Congress passed a law permitting direct trade with either France or Britain, depending on which country first lifted its trade restrictions against America. • Napoleon promised to respect American ships but lied and continued impressment. • The British were considered a bigger threat. Although Britain had promised to stop impressment, the U.S. declared war because they learned too late about Britain’s plan to stop.

  11. War Hawks • War Hawks were people who supported the war against Britain and pressured the President to declare war. • They mostly came from the south and west of the United States and were young Republicans. • They wanted revenge on the British • They wanted to expand the country’s power by taking over parts of Canada. • Federalists opposed the war. Because of this, many people considered them unpatriotic . They soon lost popularity.

  12. “War Hawks” John C. Calhoun [SC] Henry Clay [KY]

  13. Frontier Conflicts • Tecumseh and his brother “The Prophet” • Created a confederacy (group) of Native Americans • Americans feared they would ally with the British in order to exterminate Americans • Even more reason to go to war with Britain

  14. The fear of Americans comes true… British General Brock Meets with Tecumseh

  15. Many states opposed “Mr. Madison’s War!” because they were not prepared to go to war…

  16. American Problems • The US was unprepared militarily: • Had a 12-ship navy vs. Britain’s800 ships. • Americans disliked a draft  preferred to enlist in the disorganized state militias. • Financially unprepared: • Flood of paper $.= money had very little value • Regional disagreements.

  17. Overviewof theWarof1812 *war of 1812 video

  18. Battle of Fort McHenry,1814 Oh Say Can You SeeBy the Dawn’s Early Light… -- Francis Scott Key

  19. The Battle of Fort McHenry Francis Scott Key was on his way to fort McHenry, when he was told by some officers on duty that the fort was closed off. For his safety, he was held captive inside an American ship that was floating off the coast. From a porthole in the ship, he witnessed the battle. He drifted off to sleep, and when he awoke, he saw the American flag still standing, and realized the Americans had won the war…

  20. Gave proof through the night,That our flag was still there.. * Play national anthem

  21. The Burning of Washington D.C. 1814 • What was the significance of the burning of the White House? *play “The Burning of Wash. D.C.” video

  22. Treaty of GhentDecember 24, 1814- Peace negotiations between the U.S. and Britain

  23. The Battle of New Orleans, 1815

  24. The Battle of New Orleans • December 1814, Andrew Jackson has no clue that the peace Treaty of Ghent has been signed. • He orders his small group of men to hide and surround a large group of British troops in the area of New Orleans. • When the British least expect it, Jackson launches his surprise attack. • Unprepared, the British are easily defeated. • Although this battle should NEVER have happened to begin with, Jackson becomes a popular national hero. • This will help him years later when he runs for office to become president .

  25. The Battle of New Orleans, 1815

  26. Hartford Convention • The federalists called a meeting to express their discontent with the actions of the president and the War. • However, because of the recent victory at the Battle of New Orleans, the Federalists were seen as unpatriotic and the party lost respect in the eyes of the public. • This led to the destruction of the Federalist Party. • America Under James Madison vid.

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