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THE WAR OF 1812. THE U.S. IN 1812. The United States had a regular army of 11,000 men, and Congress authorized an increase to 35,600. The U.S. Navy had three large 44 gun ships, three 38 gun ships, and 14 smaller vessels. 7000 British and Canadian regulars in Upper and Lower Canada.
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THE U.S. IN 1812 • The United States had a regular army of 11,000 men, and Congress authorized an increase to 35,600. • The U.S. Navy had three large 44 gun ships, three 38 gun ships, and 14 smaller vessels. • 7000 British and Canadian regulars in Upper and Lower Canada. • Native American tribes allied with the British, 3500 in Upper Canada alone.
The War in Europe • The British and the Spanish were in a war against France (Napoleon) and most of their resources were directed to the war in Europe. • In Sept. 1812, the British had 11 large ships, 34 smaller frigates, and approx. 40 smaller vessels along the Canadian and U.S. coastline.
Niagara, October 1812 The Americans had 2000 men at Buffalo, and another 1300 troops at Fort Niagara. 3100 Americans were at Lewiston, across from Queenston. Queenston was the eventual target for the Americans at Lewiston, but the forces at Buffalo and Niagara did not support those attacks. The British were able to defeat the Americans, after which both armies went into winter quarters.
1813 There was no major fighting following Queenston, and the goal for the Americans was to gain position to retake Detroit, and advance into Canada, across Lake Ontario.
U.S. Victory on Lake Erie, 1813 The U.S. attacked at York, Ft. Meigs, Ft. George, Ft. Stephenson, retook Ft. Detroit, and moved into Upper Canada, pursuing the British and Indian forces. These forts were located at strategic points on Lake Erie and Lake Ontario. The Americans hoped to dislodge the British and control the region.
The U.S. burn York to the ground, before returning to Ft. Niagara. The U.S. victory at Sacket’s Harbor forced the British to abandon Fort George and Queenston. The British also abandon Ft. Malden, Ft. Meigs, and Ft. Stephenson, retreating into Upper Canada. They are defeated at the Battle of the Thames, on October 5, 1813.
The South in 1813 Under the leadership of Andrew Jackson, the U.S. troops in the South are focused on Ft. Mims, Fort St. Augustine, and Fort Strother.
1814 • The British move their efforts from the Great Lakes region to the Middle States and the South, advancing up the Chesapeake Bay area in to Maryland and Virginia. • Andrew Jackson continues to command the U.S. Army troops stationed in the South, massing troops along the Florida, Louisiana, and Mississippi borders, eventually focusing on New Orleans.
