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Latin Prefixes

Latin Prefixes. Prefixes. Latin prefixes are category presevering If a prefix is added to a noun, the result is a noun If a prefix is added to a verb, the result is a verbh. ad. ad. ad. ad. Observation. [d] assimilates to a [b] [d] assimilates to [p] [d] assimilates to [g]

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Latin Prefixes

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  1. Latin Prefixes

  2. Prefixes • Latin prefixes are category presevering • If a prefix is added to a noun, the result is a noun • If a prefix is added to a verb, the result is a verbh

  3. ad

  4. ad

  5. ad

  6. ad

  7. Observation • [d] assimilates to a [b] • [d] assimilates to [p] • [d] assimilates to [g] • [d] assimilates to [k] • Really, [d] assimilates to a following stop

  8. What about dentals? • In the past participle, two dental stops will assimilate (vision < vid+e+t+ion) • What about ‘ad’ added to a lexeme that begins with a dental stop

  9. Dentals

  10. No Assibilation • The concept of old and new explains why • The past participle is an old formation • Prefixation is a new formation • Most prefixes are also prepositions

  11. One more thing

  12. Follow the rules • [d] should convert to [s] • Assume that is true • Then the rule is that ‘ss’ converts to ‘s’ before a consonant • This is the mirror of ‘ss’ converting to ‘s’ after a consonant

  13. dis

  14. dis

  15. dis

  16. New words

  17. ex

  18. ex

  19. ex

  20. ex • The prefix appears as ‘e’ before voiced consonants • What is normally expected? • Consonants should agree in voicing with the last consonant • ks → gz • gCC → CC • zC → C

  21. ex

  22. abs

  23. ex

  24. ex

  25. ex

  26. ex

  27. abs (away)

  28. re

  29. re • Although originally ‘red-’, the prefix has been reanalyzed as ‘re-’ • Note: reopen, reread, react

  30. pro

  31. pro

  32. pro • Originally, the prefix was ‘prod-’ • ‘d’ is lost before consonants • The prefix has been reanalyzed as ‘pro-’

  33. sed (apart)

  34. Rule set • The prefix ‘ad’ shows assimilation • ‘red’, ‘prod’ and ‘sed’ show deletion

  35. sub

  36. sub

  37. ambi (both)

  38. trans (across)

  39. trans

  40. trans • ‘trans’ reduces to ‘tra’ before a voiced consonant

  41. trans

  42. trans • How does one explain why the prefix reduces to ‘tra’ in some lexemes but not in others? • Old words obey the rules, new words do not

  43. Extensions

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