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Chapter 5

Chapter 5. Lesson 3 Unequal Opportunities. Vocabulary. Tenant - someone who pays rent to use land or buildings that belong to someone Most tenants make monthly payments with cash. Vocabulary. Sharecropper-- when a tenant did not have cash to pay rent they would pay in crops

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Chapter 5

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  1. Chapter 5 Lesson 3 Unequal Opportunities

  2. Vocabulary • Tenant - someone who pays rent to use land or buildings that belong to someone • Most tenants make monthly payments with cash.

  3. Vocabulary • Sharecropper-- when a tenant did not have cash to pay rent they would pay in crops • Sharecropping began during Reconstruction, and it lasted well into the 1940’s.

  4. Vocabulary • Enfranchised -- means having the right to vote. • Great Migration -- Between 1915 and the1940’s more than a million African Americans moved north.

  5. Vocabulary • Carpetbaggers -- the term Southerners gave to Northerners who moved to the south during Reconstruction. • Freedmen -- freed slaves • Scalawags -- southern whites who supported the Reconstruction

  6. People to Know • W.E.B. Du Bois -- Was born in Massachusetts in 1868, his family was never enslaved. He attended Fisk University in Nashville, TN. He challenged discrimination and spoke out against how African Americans were treated. In 1909 he helped start the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP). The associations’ main goal was to bring an immediate end to racial discrimination.

  7. People to Know • Booker T. Washington -- had been enslaved and fought against discrimination a different way. He believed that education and training for jobs was the way to equality. In 1881 he founded the Tuskegee Institute, a college for African Americans in Tuskegee, Alabama.

  8. People to Know • George Washington Carver -- as born into slavery on a Virginia plantation. He did not attend school until he was 16 years old. In 1881 he moved to Tuskegee, Alabama and founded the Tuskegee Institute with Booker T. Washington.

  9. People to Know • Ida Wells-Barnett--was born into slavery. She helped start an African American newspaper in Chicago. She also helped to start one of the first organizations to seek voting rights for African American women. • Jack L. Cooper- started his own radio show. He was the first African American disc jockey in the United States.

  10. The South after Reconstruction • After Reconstruction the South remained the poorest section of the U.S. Many blacks and poor whites became tenant farmers. • The poverty in the South was worsened by the carpetbaggers. Many were truly concerned about the welfare of the African Americans, but the dishonest ones took advantage of people with their financial schemes.

  11. The South after Reconstruction • Three institutions grew up in the South in reaction to the poverty and the involvement of the government. • Sharecropping-in many southern states, nearly half of the population was sharecroppers. • One-party politics-Southern Democrats soon controlled all the southern states. They turned to enfranchised African Americans to get their votes. • Racial segregation--different schools, trains, even cemeteries for blacks and whites.

  12. Prejudice and Segregation • Jim Crow Laws were passed in the 1880’s made racial segregation legal in the south with “separate but equal” laws. • In 1892 Homer Plessy challenged the Jim Crow laws by entering the whites only section of a train car in Louisiana. He was arrested and Plessy sued the state. Plessy was found guilty of breaking the law. This court case made it clear that blacks and whites were to use their own facilities.

  13. Prejudice and Segregation • African Americans were not the only group to face prejudice and segregation. Hispanics experienced discrimination. Chinese immigrants in the West faced years of prejudice and violence. Congress passed the Chinese Exclusion Act in 1882. The law prevented immigration on the base of race.

  14. Great Migration • Some African Americans living in the South during the late 1800 wondered if there might be a better place to live. Newspapers from northern cities told of homes and jobs for African Americans. • Between 1915 and the 1940’s more than a million African Americans moved north. This came to be called the “Great Migration”. • As northern workers left to fight the war more and more jobs became available to the arriving African Americans.

  15. Life in the North • Unfortunately, African Americans faced discrimination in the North as well. Jim Crow laws were passes in many northern cities. These laws keep African American out of many restaurants, and stores. • Many white property owners would not rent or sell to blacks. • Some African Americans did not find a better life in the North, however some did. Some started their own businesses, African American published newspapers, and opened restaurants.

  16. New Leaders • Who started the NAACP? • A. Booker T. Washington • B. W.E.B. Du Bois • C. George Washington Carver

  17. New Leaders • Name the two African American leaders who founded Tuskegee Institute? • W.E.B. Du Bois and Booker T. Washington B. Booker T. Washington and George Washington Carver

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