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Imperialism

Imperialism . Chapter 14 World History . Colonial Rule in Southeast Asia. Reasons for Colonialism: 19th Century: European nations viewed Asia and Africa as source of raw materials to power the Industrial Revolution back home.

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Imperialism

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  1. Imperialism Chapter 14 World History

  2. Colonial Rule in Southeast Asia Reasons for Colonialism: 19th Century: European nations viewed Asia and Africa as source of raw materials to power the Industrial Revolution back home. European nations were intense rivals. Colonies were seen as a source of prestige. Social Darwinism and racism also played a role in the European desire to establish colonies. Social Darwinists believed that in the rivalry between nations, the fit are winners.

  3. 4. Some Europeans saw colonialism as a responsibility to civilize primitive people. They called this the "white man's burden". They also wished  to spread Christianity. In 1800, Southeast Asia contained 2 countries with European rulers: Spanish Philippines & Dutch West Indies. In 1900, almost the entire region was controlled by European powers. Britain founded Singapore in 1819 and turned it into a trading center.

  4. The British then took Burma as a means of protecting its interests in nearby India. Partly in response to French missionary activities in the 1800s, Vietnam divided between north and south. The French forced the Vietnemese to accept French 'protection' against the encroaching British in 1857. By 1884, France controlled Vietnam. France also extended its control over Cambodia, Laosand other nearby territories.

  5. Resistance to Colonial Rule Many people in Southeast Asia were unhappy with colonial rule. In Burma, the king fought European domination. In Vietnam, the ruling class fought French efforts to control the country, even after the king gave in to them. Peasants revolted in some areas where they had been pushed off lands in favor of European-controlled plantations. Long after the start of colonial rule, nationalism, fomented by a class of city-dwellers who had been educated at European-style schools, acted against the Europeans.

  6. Controlling Country Part of Asia

  7. Indirect and Direct Rule • Goals of Imperialism: • Exploit the natural resources of colonial countries • Open markets for their manufactured goods • Justification: they would bring the “blessings” of Western civilization • Rationales: White mans burden, Paternalism • Indirect Rule • Local rulers were allowed to maintain their positions of authority and status • Cost less and convenient • Direct Rule • Local rulers were removed from power and replaced with officials from the mother country • Impact the indigenous people, took away their rights

  8. Pre-Euro. Africa • Thousands of languages/tribes/cultures • Europeans were relegated to coastlines • Why weren’t Europeans able to conquer Africa before? • Un-navigable rivers • Trade networks by Africans • Malaria • Powerful African armies

  9. Empire Building in Africa Before 1880, Europeans controlled little of Africa. As a result of intense rivalry between European states, nearly all of Africa was brought under European control between 1880 and 1900. The African slave trade declined as the trade in slaves and then slavery itself was outlawed in much of the modern world. Egypt became a British protectorate in 1914.

  10. Forces working againstAfricans • Internal • Variety of cultures working against them • Technology disadvantage • External • Maxim gun/Tech.

  11. British Control of India • Great Britain gained power in India during the 18th century • British East India Company • Given power by the British government to become more involved in Indian politics and military affairs • Sepoys • Hired soldiers that protected companies interests • Great Rebellion (1st War of Independence) • Cause; bullets greased with cow and pig fat • Sepoysrefused to use bullets, revolted • Fresh British troops conquered the rebellion

  12. Mohandas Gandhi • Viceroy • British government ruled India directly through a official called a Viceroy • Representative of the monarch • Put into place after the 1st War of Independence • The British Viceroy, with a staff of only 3,500 people, the viceroy ruled over 300,000,000 Indians. • Nationalism • Early nationalists came from upper classes and were British educated. • Gandhi • Born 1869 in western India; educated as a lawyer • Practiced in South Africa representing Indian workers • Returned to India to led fight for independence • Non-violent protest

  13. British Rule Benefits Costs Took wealth of India British goods replaced Indian goods and ruined local businesses. Increased taxes Natives lost land Farmers required to grow cotton for Britain, causing food shortages. Offended Indian pride and culture. • Order and stability • Education system • Railroads, telegraph system, and postalservice.

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